SEPTEMBER 17, 1897.] 
spontaneous action, to grow, through habit, 
into sentiment, and to mature, through un- 
conscious or conscious thought, in definite 
motive. It is heterodox, perhaps in more 
senses than one, to affirm that motive—the 
noblest character of humanity—buds in 
spontaneous action, blossoms in subcon- 
scious habit, and attains fruition in the 
highest intellectual activity, whether un- 
conscious or conscious, of which the 
individual or group is capable; certainly 
the affirmation represents complete inver- 
sion of a notion prevalent in savagery, 
dominant in barbarism, and gradually 
weakening through civilization ; yet it is 
sustained by all that is known of the pro- 
cesses of acquiring knowledge, by the history 
of the growth of knowledge in general, and, 
indeed, by nearly all applied statecraft and 
most applied priesteraft throughout human 
history. The recognition of the genesis and 
antecedents of motive must afford a vantage 
point for a clearer survey of the vast field of 
human emotion, affection, passion, aspira- 
tion, disposition ; and, at the same time, it 
cannot fail to give a key-note for improved 
education—for the still more complete con- 
trol of mind. 
These are but a few of the many ways* 
in which the great science based on human 
activities tends to bring order out of that 
vast chaos of action and thought which has 
so long resisted analysis and synthesis— 
that last citadel of the unknown. 
IX. 
Hitherto Humanity has been the theme 
of poesy and romance rather than of sober 
science. All men have perceived that their 
kind possess attributes distinguishing them 
from the rocks and plants and beasts of 
lower nature, yet for the most part these 
attributes were either ignored or transfig- 
* One of these is the control of society itself for the 
eommon good, as shown by Ward in his masterly 
memoir on ‘ Dynamic Sociology,’ which it must suf- 
fice to mention merely. 
SCIENCE. 
433 
ured into a dazzling halo which defied anal- 
ysis none the less by reason of its subjective 
character ; even to-day and in the most en- 
lightened circles of the most enlightened na- 
tions there are few willing to consider, and 
content to consider dispassionately, the 
purely human attributes ; but to these few 
the chaos of industries and ideals, of emo- 
tions and passions, of conduct and motive, 
and of all other things human, falls into a 
simple order nearly as definite as the order 
recognized in each of the older sciences— 
the order of human activities and activital 
products. 
Exact knowledge began with the remote 
and progressed toward the near; with every 
stage of progress it has been a power for the 
conquest of natural forces and conditions, 
has exalted intellectual mankind above all 
brainless or small-brained creatures, and 
has made continually for human welfare and 
happiness ; and now, that the methods and 
purposes of science are extending to the 
human body and brain, it cannot be doubted 
that these, like all other material things, 
will be controlled and reconstructed for the 
good and the glory of intelligent Man. 
This is the end of the Science of Humanity. 
W J McGze. 
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE AD™ 
VANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 
SECTION F.—ZOOLOGY. 
The officers of the Section were as fol- 
lows: 
L. O. Howard, Washington, Vice-Presi- 
dent; C. C. Nutting, Iowa City, Ia., Secre- 
tary ; F. M. Webster, Councillor. 
Sectional Committee: L. O. Howard, Vice- 
President, 1897 ; C. C. Nutting, Secretary, 
1897; Theodore Gill, Vice-President, 1896 ; 
D. S. Kellicott, Secretary, 1896; Charles 
Sedgwick Minot, Henry F. Osborn, Wm. 
H. Ashmead. 
Member of Nominating Committee: Wm. H, 
Ashmead. 
