582 
39. The Mangyans and Tagbanuas of the Philip- 
pine Islands (lantern illustrations). Pro- 
FESSOR Dran C. WORCESTER. 
Professor Worcester described, with con- 
siderable detail, two very primitive tribes of 
the Philippines, the Mangyans, of Mindoro, 
and the Tagbanuas, of Palawan. Their 
physical characteristics, manners and cus- 
toms, arts, ete., were treated of. Very in- 
teresting was the author’s account of the 
childish temperament of the Mangyans and 
their actions when a mirror was given them; 
likewise their inability to recognize repre- 
sentations of themselves in a picture. The 
lowland people were less physically well 
developed than the mountaineers, and the 
result of contact with the Spaniards was 
bad for both. They have no belief in a 
future state. Concerning the Tagbanuas, 
the following points are noteworthy: Child- 
marriage, the precocity of children, belief 
in a subterranean heaven, love of music, 
use of a syllabic alphabet. 
40. Report on the Necessity of the Immediate 
Investigation of Anthropology of Oceanic 
Islands. 
Professor Haddon, in presenting the re- 
port, emphasized the necessity for investi- 
gation of rapidly disappearing flora and 
fauna and tribes of men who will soon be 
gone forever. Thisismuch more important 
than the study of other phenomena whose 
number is practically unlimited, whose ex- 
istence is practically perpetual. Every year 
is a year lost. 
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 25. 
41. The Trenton Gravels. 
PUTNAM. 
42. Human Relics in the Drift of Ohio. 
FESSOR H. W. CLAYPOLE. 
The first hours of the session were de- 
voted to a joint discussion with Section C 
(Geology) on ‘The First Traces of Man in 
the New World,’ introduced by the two 
papers just mentioned. 
Proressor Ff. W. 
Pro- 
SCIENCE. 
(N.S. Vou. VI. No. 146. 
Professor Putnam gave a résumé of the 
investigations in the Trenton Gravels and 
of the evidence which led him to believe in. 
the existence of paleolithic man in north- 
eastern America, laying great stress on the “ 
existence of argillite implements in the 
gravel. 
Professor EH. W. Claypole described the 
finding of a grooved stone axe in stiff clay 
near the bottom of a well during the digging. 
of it. The find came from the great glacial 
plains of northern Ohio. The evidence, 
however, is not entirely convincing, as all 
who shared in the discussion took occasion 
to observe. 
The discussion was begun by Sir John 
Evans, who declared that the Trenton im- 
plements were of a decidedly neolithic form, 
and declined to believe in the existence of 
paleolithic implements in America com- 
parable to those of the river-drift of Eng- 
land and France. He rather favored a. 
vast extension of its neolithic period in 
America. 
Dr. J. W. Spencer gave his geolog- 
ical opinion as to the age of the Trenton 
gravels anywhere from 5,000 to 50,000 
years. 
David Boyle stated that there was no 
evidence as to the existence of man in 
Canada during or immediately after the 
glacial period. 
Professor E. 8S. Morse was rather more 
favorable than the others to Professor Put- 
nam’s contention. Dr. W J McGee, while 
admitting the presumption that man was 
very ancient in America, advised conserva- 
tism in the matter of early man, and sug- 
gested that the argillite objects found in 
the Trenton talus may be quite modern, 
the product of the present Indian stock. 
Neither here nor in Ohio is the evidence 
convincing. A great mass of evidence to: 
which constant and repeated appeal can be 
made by anyone at any time is the great 
necessity here. 
