OcTOBER 15, 1897. ] 
a hundred miles or more along the Colorado- 
New Mexican line. The most conspicuous of 
these craters is Mount Capulin, six miles south 
of Folsom Station. This, a beautiful cinder 
cone (altitude 9,000 feet), rises nearly 2,750 feet 
above the railroad, with a vast crater at its top 
nearly a mile in diameter, slightly broken down 
on its western side. From its summit many 
flows can be traced. To the southward, from 
six to twenty miles, there are several similar 
craters, while to the northward there are several 
smaller ones. Around these craters there are 
numerous surface flows of vesicular, ropy lava, 
extending eastward to within sight of the Texas 
line. 
These are the easternmost known craters of 
the Rocky Mountain region, and their occur- 
rence at the foot of the Raton plateau, near the 
western edge of the Llano Estacado, is interest- 
ing. The cinder cones are clearly of a more re- 
cent origin than the adjacent basaltic cap of the 
Raton plateau, for they are situated in an 
eroded valley between the main mesa and an 
outlier—the Sierra Grande—and at a lower al- 
titude than either of them. They are also ap- 
parently more recent than the late Tertiary 
deposits of the Llano Estacado, the original 
surface of the lava resting upon the latter and 
not covered by it except in case of the wind- 
blown débris. 
While these are the only craters of the United 
States which are east of the true Rocky Moun- 
tain front, there are other important ones lying 
east of the Rio Grande which have escaped Mr. 
Russell’s notice, notably the Cerrito lying be- 
tween Galisteo and the Rio Grande, consisting 
of several cones rising to nearly 1,000 feet 
above the plateau. Still to the southward in 
the great bolson desert, which lies between the 
Organ and Sacramento ranges of southern New 
Mexico, there is a comparatively recent vol- 
eanic cone from which a stream of mobile lava 
has flowed for sixty miles to the southward. 
There are also several other craters just west of 
the Rio Grande and El Paso, in southern 
New Mexico, which have escaped Professor 
Russell’s notice. 
The Folsom craters, east of the true Rocky 
Mountain front, are the ones which upset deduc- 
‘tions which would otherwise be tenable con- 
SCIENCE. 
595 
cerning the occurrence of volcanic cones ap- 
proximately along oceanic shore lines. A bul- 
letin for the United States Geological Survey is 
being prepared upon the Folsom locality by 
Mr. 8. Prentiss Baldwin, of Cleveland, Ohio, 
who, at my request, some years ago undertook 
a thorough exploration of that most interesting 
region. ; 
In addition to the true cinder cone craters we 
have have specified, that portion of New 
Mexico east of the Coloradoan group of the 
Rocky Mountains (Snow Range) which ends 
abruptly near the latitude of Sante Fé, is un- 
usually rich in older volcanic phenomena, such 
as superficial lava flows and old yoleanic necks 
or stocks of the type of Mount Taylor or the 
Spanish Peak which Russell includes in his map 
as volcanoes and two of which, near Fort Union, 
he describes. 
Besides the omission of the true craters of 
New Mexico, the work gives no reference to 
the old volcanic phenomena of the Texas re- 
gion, such as occur so abundantly in the Trans- 
Pecos region, and to the eastward along the in- 
terior margin of the Coastal Plain, between 
Austin and Del Rio. 
It would have made matters much clearer to 
the reader had Professor Russell used a series 
of symbols upon his map to distinguish the 
kinds of volcanoes there plotted, such as living 
craters, extinct craters and volcanic stocks rep- 
resenting the ruins of old craters. 
The accompanying sketch of the Texas-New 
Mexican region giving supplementary data con- 
cerning the distribution of voleanic phenomena 
will be of value to the reader of the work. 
The black dises are true volcanic craters; the 
square stocks or necks of former craters, and 
the crosses, are laccolites. 
Rosert T. HILL. 
LITERARY EMBRYOLOGY. 
To THE EDITOR OF ScrENCE: In the Atlantic 
for this month is an article by Mr. Frederic 
Burk on the ‘Training of Teachers.’ On p. 
558-554 occurs the following paragraph, in 
which I have ventured to italicize those parts 
which seem to me absolutely incorrect. It 
appears singular that in an article on teaching, 
severely criticising prevalent methods, there 
