NOVEMBER 26, 1897.] 
qualitative differences of mental states, must 
square their antipathy to Mach’s theory with 
the prevailing acquiescence in the view that re- 
gards intensity differences as adequately ex- 
plained by relating them to differences in the 
energy of excitation of the same physiological 
structure. It is only a step further to explain 
differences of quality by relating them to differ- 
ences in the ratios of the energies involved in 
the excitation, either of the same, or of similar 
structures. Hither our psychology of intensity 
must be brought into line with the progress of 
qualitative differentiation or the field must be 
left open to such theories as that of Mach. 
The reviewer agrees with the translator that 
the matter contained in Mach’s little work is by 
no means so limited as the number of pages. 
He offers this as an excuse for having passed 
over many points in the discussion more lightly 
than their importance deserved. 
EpGar A. SINGER, JR. 
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
August, 1897. 
SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON. 
OcroBEr 14, 1897.—Mr. Schwarz spoke of 
the remarkable collection of insects recently 
made by Mr. H. G. Hubbard in southern Ari- 
zona. ‘This collection is the most extensive and 
valuable which has been made in that part of 
the country. In Coleoptera alone it contains 
between 300 and 500 species new to the fauna 
of the United States. He exhibited a specimen 
of the myrmecophilous Scarabeid Lissomelas 
flohri Bates, a genus new to the United States 
and allied to Cremastochilus. The specimens 
collected by Mr. Hubbard were not found in 
ants nests, nor could any traces be found of 
thoracic glands which are supposed to be attract- 
ive to ants. The insect fauna of Arizona and 
southern California was discussed at some 
length by Messrs. Schwarz, Gill and Fernow. 
Mr. N. Banks exhibited specimens of Chrysopa 
ypsilon, each of which carried one or more mi- 
nute Cecidomyiid flies on its wings. The speci- 
mens were collected by Mrs. Slosson in the 
White Mountains, and Mr. Banks considers that 
the Cecidomyiids use the Chrysopas as a means 
of locomotion. Mr. Ashmead mentioned a par- 
SCIENCE. 
813 
asitic wingless fly of the family Borboride col- 
lected by Mr. O. F. Cook in Liberia, which uses 
a common snail for transportation purposes. 
Mr. Ashmead described a new genus of Cyni- 
pidee from Liberia which he will call Curriea, 
after the collector, Mr. R. P. Currie. It is the 
only genus of the Cynipidse with toothed hind 
femora, and bears a superficial resemblance to 
certain Chalcidide. Mr. Howard read a short 
paper entitled ‘ Notes on the House-fly,’ which 
gave rise to a discussion on the carrying of conta- 
gion by house-flies, in the course of which Mr. D. 
G. Fairchild described at some length a serious 
eye disease prevalent inthe Fiji Islands, which is 
carried by the house-fly. Mr. N. Banks read 
a paper entitled ‘A New Species of the Genus 
Halarachne,’ the typical specimens of which 
had been taken from the bronchial passages of 
a seal which had died in the National Zoolog- 
ical Park. Mr. Ashmead read a paper entitled 
‘On the Genera of the Xyeline.’ 
November 4, 1897.—Mr. Ashmead showed 
specimens of the male of Pelecinus polyturator 
from Indiana. The female of this species is 
very common, but the male is extremely rare. 
Mr. Ashmead thinks that this insect, the habits 
of which are not yet known, is probably parasitic 
upon some Coleopterous wood-borer, a conclu- 
sion which was discussed at some length by 
Messrs Schwarz and P. R. Uhler. Mr. O. F. 
Cook exhibited specimens of Peripatus novazea- 
landica and of two small species of Peripatus from 
the Bismarck Archipelago. Mr. Schwarz ex- 
hibited specimens of Cychrus mexicanus Bates, 
a species new to the fauna of the United States, 
captured by Mr. H. G. Hubbard, at Cave Creek, 
Arizona. Mr. Howard exhibited specimens of 
Trypeta acidusa Walker, reared from ripe 
peaches by Mr. A. Koebele, at Orizaba, Mexico, 
and spoke of the Mexican distribution of Try- 
peta ludens. The subject of the possible estab- 
lishment of these fruit pests in the United States 
was discussed by Messrs. Howard and W. G. 
Johnson. Mr. O. Heidemann read a paper on 
‘Hemiptera found on the Ox-eye Daisy,’ listing 
twenty-nine species and giving notes on their 
habits. Mr. O. F. Cook read a paper on ‘ New 
Dicellura,’ an order which he has erected to in- 
clude the allies of Japyx. He exhibited plates 
of ten species and showed specimens of a new 
