826 
almost be regarded as a foreshadowing of 
the vast mining and manufacturing indus- 
tries of to-day. The knives, scrapers, 
drills, projectile points, etc., the implements 
upon which everything in the savage econ- 
omy depend, were roughed out, specialized 
and carried away, and the refuse in vast 
quantities, consisting of flakes, fragments 
and failures representing all stages of de- 
velopment, was left upon the ground. The 
rejectage must have been especially plenti- 
ful along the bluffs at Trenton, where the 
argillite was found in the shape of bowlders 
and partially worn masses, and in the val- 
leys and hills above, where it occurs in 
place. The rude rejected forms left upon 
these sites were large or small, long or short, 
according to the shape of the implement 
made and the nature of the material used. 
They were rough or well developed ac- 
cording to the stage of the shaping process 
at which they were cast aside. No type of 
flaked stone has been found in the whole 
region that was not necessarily produced 
again and again and for centuries along the 
banks and bluffs of the Delaware by these 
historic peoples, and in the course of years 
and geologic mutation it is readily seen that 
this rejectage of implement-making would 
become intermingled in various ways with 
the superficial deposits of the sites of man- 
ufacture. Every bank that crumbled, 
every grave dug, every palisade planted, 
every burrow made, every root that pene- 
trated and every storm that raged took part 
in the work of intermingling and burial ; 
and following in turn came the resettling, 
the leeching-out and the recementing of 
these deposits, making it difficult to distin- 
guish the old from the new. It follows, 
therefore, that the student of the history of 
this valley, and especially of that part of it 
recorded in the soil and superficial deposits, 
should not for a moment lose sight of these 
conditions and events of recent and com- 
paratively recent history, and should seek 
SCIENCE. 
[N. 8.. Vou. VI. No. 153. 
first to explain all phenomena from the 
point of view thus afforded before conjuring 
up shadowy images of other races. 
IN THE GLACIAL GRAVELS 
PROPER, 
INVESTIGATION 
It happened, however, that before the in- 
vestigation of the phenomena referred to 
above and now so definitely assigned to 
the Algonquian peoples had begun to attract 
the attention of archzeologists the presence 
of other people had already been assumed. 
Evidences of very primitive paleolithic 
races had been associated with glacial for- 
mations abroad, and the glacial deposits 
of the Delaware region were accordingly 
searched with the hope of finding similar 
traces. Relics of art were soon secured, 
and as they were rude and exclusively of 
flaked stone they were regarded as support- 
ing the theory of a glacial paleolithic man. 
A large body of evidence was soon accumu- 
lated and passed into literature without 
particular scrutiny. 
When, finally this subject came into 
prominence and questions began to arise 
as to the determinations made, it was found 
that the flaked stones which formed the 
exclusive evidence furnished, though rude 
as reported, were not of special or peculiar 
types, such as seem to characterize paleo- 
lithic times abroad, but that they corre- 
sponded in every particular with the ordi- 
nary rude work, and especially with the 
rejectage of manufacture, of the Algonquian 
and other American tribes; and it hap- 
pened further that they were found along 
the very bluff faces where argillite bowlders 
outcropped and where the Indian tribes had 
naturally resorted to secure the raw mate- 
rial and block out their implements ; then 
it came to be asked whether the finds had 
really been made in the true gravels, 
whether they were not obtained from de- 
posits associated with the gravels but not 
belonging, in their present deposition, to 
