1004 
rocks of Russia. Mr. Grabau’s studies confirm 
the position taken by Zittel and Rohon that 
these minute tooth-like fossils are the jaws 
of worms. He also discussed the relations of 
Styliolina, Cardiola and Clymenia, and the close 
parallelism between American and European 
Goniatites. Professor Hyatt took exception to 
Hinde’s view, quoted by Mr. Grabau, as to the 
unity of the American and European forms ; 
the late American faunas are residual ; they do 
not originate types; the very ancient American 
faunas may be, however, originating faunas. 
Dr. Jackson drew attention to the large num- 
bers of associated fossils in very small space, 
and Mr. Grabau stated that Clark’s investiga- 
tions proved the identity of the American and 
European species. 
SAMUEL HENSHAW, 
Secretary. 
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB, NOVEMBER 9, 
14897. 
THE paper of the evening, by Mrs. E. G. 
Britton, a description of two new species of 
Ophioglossum will be printed in the Bulletin. 
The paper also discussed the affinities, range 
and type characters of our Eastern species of 
Ophioglossum, with keys and specific descrip- 
tions, and with exhibition of tracings and 
numerous mounted specimens. 
Dr. Underwood sketched the characteristics 
of the four distinct types of Ophioglossum as : 1st, 
the section typified by O. vulgatum and discussed 
in the paper; 2d, that by O. palmatum of 
tropical America, which extends into Florida, 
there growing directly under the crown of the 
palmetto trees, nestled among the leaf-shrubs ; 
3d, that typified by O. pendulum, found in the 
Hawaiian Islands and Pacific regions, which is 
also pendulous from trees and produces a stipe 
attached almost to the middle of the leaf. In 
the 4th section, with growth not over one inch 
high, the sterile and fertile fronds are distinet 
to the rooting base. 
Dr. Underwood further remarked the neces- 
sity of experience to discover forms of Ophioglos- 
sum, especially such as O. crotallophoroides, only 
one inch high, collected by him in Alabama. 
Mr. Clute spoke of the great diversity in size 
displayed by O. vulgatum in a single locality. 
SCIENCE. 
[N. S. Voz. VI. No. 157. 
Professor Burgess referred to the occasional 
occurrence of O. vulgatum with its own name- 
sake Pogonia ophioglossoides, and to other com- 
panion-plants with which he finds Ophioglossum 
associated in growth, as Chiogenes and espe- 
cially the orchids Microstylis ophioglossoides, 
Habenaria hyperborea and H. dilatata. 
Dr. Underwood then exhibited photographs 
of the Kew Gardens, with reminiscences of his 
visit of last summer. He spoke particularly of 
their formal decoration, dating back to royal 
use, and the photographs shown included one 
of ‘Queen Mary’s Elm,’ planted by her about 
1555, once 25 feet in girth, now represented 
chiefly by a series of shoots. 
EDWARD S. BURGESS, 
Secretary. 
THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF ST. LOUIS. 
AT the meeting of the Academy of Science of 
St. Louis on December 20, 1897, twenty-five 
persons present, Dr. R. J. Terry exhibited 
several specimens of human humerus, showing 
supracondylar process associated with high di- 
vision of the brachial artery, which was con- 
trasted with similar processes that have been 
observed in the anthropoid apes and the lower 
monkeys, and with a similarly situated foramen 
of the arm of the Felide. It was stated that 
while a slight roughness was observed, at the 
point indicated, in a majority of ninety-six 
specimens observed, the structure was fairly 
developed in four out of this number, in all 
cases on the left arm. 
Professor F._E. Nipher presented a paper 
describing a long series of experiments made to 
determine the distribution of pressure over a 
pressure board, and summarizing the results 
reached. 
WILLIAM TRELEASE, 
Recording Secretary. 
NEW BOOKS. 
A Genealogy of Morals. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE. 
Translated by WuiLL~1AM A. HAUSEMANN. 
New York and London, The Macmillan 
Company. 1897. Pp. xix+289. $2. 
The Social Mind and Education. GEORGE EDGAR 
VincENT. New York and London, The 
Macmillan Company. 1897. Pp.146. $1.25. 
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