August 26, 1892.] 



SCIENCE. 



125 



other thau the Priirlrien a few lines below. On this same page 

 " Micro-coccus pyogenes atneus" is spoken of as " a bacillus." 



Sometimes a curiously involved sentence is met with, as the 

 following: " We are thus not fixed entities, as most of us are apt 

 to consider ourselves; nor have we the gratification of even think- 

 ing ourselves here for the formerly supposed seven years at least" 

 (p. 30). An over-critical reader, too, might take exception to the 

 introdiioiion of the personal element in the following: "Fol- 

 lowing the logic of these views. Dr. Koch's theory as to the possi- 

 bility of the cure of consumption by an injection of a prepa- 

 ration of what may be called the dejecta of the bacillus of con- 

 sumption must of necessity be an error, and I would say that I 

 have held this view from the time of first publication of his sup- 

 posed cure" (p. 68). 



The History of Modern Education. By Samuel G. Williams. 

 Syracuse, C. W. Bar.ieen. 13". 403p. $1.50. 

 This work con-sists of a series of lectures which the author has 

 been delivering for some years past as professor of the science 

 and art of teaching in Cornell University. The entire course 

 comprised also an account of ancient and mediaeval education; 

 liiit the part relating to modern times is the only part now pub- 

 lished as being more nenerally interesting than the rest. Mr. 

 Williams begins hi-i narrative with the Renaissance, of which in 

 its bearings on education he gives a brief but excellent account. 

 In dealing with the religious Reformation and its results, he is 

 not so happy; and throughout the book the subject of religious 

 education receives less attention than it deserves. Mr. Williams 

 treats the history of educational progress by centuries, showing 

 what in his view were the leading characteristics of each century 

 and its principal contributions to educational thought and prac- 

 tice; and this account of the general characteristics of the cen- 

 tury is followed in each case by a sketch of the most prominent 

 educators that the century produced. Throughout the book the 

 author shows great impartiality and much good sense in his judg- 

 ment of men and methods; and, what is no small merit in the 



present age, he is entirely free from hobbies. Some of our edu- 

 cators talk as if real education came into the world with Pesta- 

 lozzi and Froebel, and that in the theory and practice of certain 

 "advanced thinkers" of the present day it has reached perfec- 

 tion. Mr. Williams is under no such hallucination. He I'etBinds 

 his readers that time is the only sure test of historic events, and 

 intimates that some of the ideas of the present day may be found 

 hereafter to have no such importance as is now attached to them. 

 Nevertheless, he devotes one of his longest and most elaborate 

 chapters to the leading educational ideas of the nineteenth cen- 

 tury, thus bringing his work down to the very decade in which 

 we now live. He takes pains to show, however, that many 

 things that are thought to be specially characteristic of the pres- 

 ent age were anticipated by the thinkers and teachers of the six- 

 teenth and seventeenth centuries. Mr. Williams's style is not 

 always so clear as might be wished, and has no great literary 

 merit: but it is generally intelligible, and its moral tone is good. 

 On the whole, these lectures will serve a useful purpose as an in- 

 troduction to the educational history of modern times. 



Influenza. By Charles H. Merz, M.D. Sandusky, O. 90 p. 



It would be manifestly unfair to expect too much of a "little 

 treatise" that attempts to discuss a very special topic in a very 

 general manner. The book was evidently written to meet the 

 popular interest in its subject, and this fact alone explains per- 

 haps the infelicities, not to say inaccuracies, of expression that 

 are far too frequent on its pages. The history, etiology, symp- 

 toms, pathology, diagnosis, and prognosis, complications, and 

 treatment of influenza are discu.ssed with more or less success, 

 the whole leaving a decided impression of hasty construction. 



One is socaewhat amazed, for example, when one reads, apropos 

 of the phagocyte theory, of the odds arrayed against the Dar- 

 winian principle : ■' It is a fight between two forces and the sur- 

 vival of the fittest'' (p. 33). On the same page the name of the 

 eminent author of the doctrine of phagocytosis is hardly recogniz- 

 able under the mask of " Metschini-Koft." 



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