September 9, 1892,] 



SCIENCE. 



153 



various Rio Grande tribes and from tlie Zunis — those from the 

 former doubtless through the Tewa who fled from the Rio Grande 

 during the great Pueblo revolt against Spanish authority in 1680- 

 96. Borrowed ceremonials, however, undergo great changes, as 

 exemplified by the "ghost dance" or "Messiah craze" now so 

 general among the tribes from the British possessions to the Mexi- 

 can frontier; hence it is not improbable that many of the Tusayan 

 dance-dramas, which originated, say, in Zuiii, are now recogniz- 

 able only by the corrupted Zufli names which they still retain. 



A number of the similarities of the Zuiii and Tusayan summer 

 ceremonials are shown by the author, tlie performers and their 

 paraphernalia minutely described, and many interesting featui'es 

 brought to light. The paper is a valuable contribution to science. 

 The time for original research among the Pueblo tribes is I'apidly 

 disappearing, and, happily. Dr. Fewkes is losing no time in plac- 

 ing before the scientific world the results of his observations. 



The second paper — Natal Ceremonies of the Hopi Indians, by 

 Mr. Owens — is a very pretty portrayal of the birth rites of the 

 Tusayan, or, as they call themselves, the Hopi Indians, and many 

 interesting facts are made known. Mr. Owens, who was Dr. 

 Fewkes's field assistant, records these ceremonials without at- 

 tempting their probable interpretation — a wise precaution, since, 

 without at least a fair knowledge of the native tongue, or an inti- 

 mate Acquaintance with the Indians themselves, the results might 

 otherwise have been misleading. 



Ever since the fiist establishment of missions by the Jesuit 

 Father Kino, in soutliern'Arizona, in the 17th century, the civil- 

 ized world has been treated to descriptions of Casa Grande, a mas- 

 sive ruined adobe structure a short distance from the banks of 



the Rio Gila. Some of the authors aver that this noble old build- 

 ing was the birthplace of Montezuma, and on many of our maps 

 of the latter half of the last century it is noted as the second stop- 

 ping-place of that monarch on his way from Aztlan ! Several 

 authors agree in identifying it with Chichilticale, a ruin men- 

 tioned by Vasquez de Coronado in 1541 ; but this Bandelier denies 

 on the ground that the course of that eonquixtador lay farther 

 east. Dr. Fewkes has supplemented the information given by 

 Bartlett, and later by Bandelier, Hinton, and others, with a de- 

 scription of the present appearance of Casa Grande, accompanied 

 by a number of excellent illustrations and a ground-plan on which 

 various measurements are given. A reference, on page 189, to 

 what appears to be an accidental clogging up of an opening in 

 one of the walls by debris fallen from above, should not stand 

 uncorrected. The massive and symmetrical block of abobe re- 

 ferred to and figured in one of the cu(s is a door " close," exam- 

 ples of which, but generally of stone, are frequently found in our 

 south-western ruins, and which were formej-ly in use by the Zuiii 

 Indians. Indeed, the Zurii name for door is but a survival of the 

 term, now obsolete, of course, for stone-close; i. e., when door 

 were introduced, doubtless by the Spaniards, they weie still closes 

 to the Zufli mind, and since their name for a close was, literally, 

 " stone close,"' their name for a wooden door became '-wooden 

 stone-close," a name which is retained to this day. The block of 

 adobe was a close, and was fashioned to fit the opening of the 

 wall, thus forming a cumbersome but sm-e means of defense. 



The volume is a model of typography, and it is illustrated gen- 

 erously and well. F. Webb Hodge. 



Washington City. 



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