October 7, 1892.J 



SCIENCE. 



209 



vast multitude of birds are green or olivaceous, at least dorsally. 

 On the other hand, tree-frequenting animals, perhaps a majority 

 of them, are better protected by a color-resemblance to bark than 

 to leaves, and they are certainly so protected. The author com- 

 bats here, as elsewhere, the exclusive or even general agency of 

 natural selection. He confesses that " at every step, in fact, in the 

 study of animal coloration we are met with closed doors, which 

 can only be unlocked by keys furnished by an intimate chemical 

 and physiological knowledge, such as we do not at present pos- 

 sess." 



In Chapter PV., on warning coloration, we find the most valu- 

 able original feature of the work — the numerous experiments 

 with the palatability of animals, especially insects generally sup- 

 posed to illustrate warning coloration. These experiments, al- 

 though furnishing somewhat contradictory evidence, are in the 

 main a valuable confirmation of previous ideas. Dr. Eisig's 

 theory of warning colors is advocated. He thinks that "the 

 brilliant colors have caused the inedibility of the species, rather 

 than that the inedibility has necessitated the production of bright 

 colors as an advertisement," a somewhat startling if not revolu- 

 tionary idea. 



Chapter V. is on protective mimicry. This ever-delightful 

 theme is well handled, although we can hardly repress an in- 

 stinctive shudder at the iconoclasm which seeks to tear down the 

 exquisite structure so beautifully wrought by Bates, Wallace, 

 Belt, and others, and we hope to be forgiven for expressing a 

 perhaps unscientific but deep seated aversion to this attempted 

 destructive criticism of the conclusions of those whose knowledge 

 was gained in the woods and fields rather than in the laboratory 

 or dissecting-room. 



Chapter VI. treats of sexual selection; but lack of space forbids 

 more than a mention of this chapter, except to enter a protest 

 against the idea that birds do not possess an exalted sesthetic sense. 

 Here again the field-naturalist will be apt to agree with Poulton, 

 who, after presenting a large array of facts, says: " Such facts 



point toward the existence of a widespread aesthetic sente in the 

 higher animals." 



The book as a whole is a valuable contribution to the literature 

 of an intensely interesting subject, and will doubtless be read 

 with pleasure and profit by thousands who do not claim to be 

 scientists. c. C. Nutting. 



state University, Iowa City, Iowa. 

 Handbook of School Gymnastics of the Swedish System. By Baeok 

 Nils Posse. Boston, Lee & Shepard, 



The merit of the Swedish system consists in the effort to de- 

 velop in a scientific and systematic manner all the parts of the 

 body. It is not an attempt to make a derrick of the human body 

 by the excessive development of a few lifting muscles, nor does 

 it aim at drills which make an attractive show by the simultaneous 

 movements of identical parts of the body. It discards the old 

 rhythmical and automatic movements as being of but little value. 

 The fundamental principles and advice which form the introduc- 

 tory portion of this little handbook give this definition: "The 

 aim of educational gymnastics is to develop the body into a har- 

 monious whole under the perfect control of the will. It is not to 

 produce great bulk of muscle, but to cause that already present 

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 eflects are doubtful or pernicious." 



Attention in this country was first called to the Swedish gym- 

 nastics by the introduction of the Swedish movement-cure. 

 Though we derive this massage treatment from Sweden, the Japa- 

 nese have practised a similar method for centuries, utilizing blind 

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This handbook will be of great assistance to those who have 

 studied the system. 



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THE LABRADOR COAST. 



A JOURNAL OF TWO SUMMER CRUISES 

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