SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XX. No. 506 



and significance of language. In this part of the work we must 

 find the chief interest in the fact that we have an attempt to 

 theorize as to the origin of speech from the standpoint of its be- 

 ginning in the lower animals, rather than from the standpoint of 

 its more developed conditions in man. The study of language 

 hitherto has been to reduce human language to its lowest and 

 simplest form. Mr. Garner for the first time attempts to develop 

 language from its simpler conditions in the lower animals, and if 

 Mr. Garner's conclusions differ in some respects from the ideas 

 that have hitherto been in vogue, it is not surprising. 



On the whole, the work of Mr. Garner is extremely interesting 

 and suggestive. As a piece of book-making it is ojien to criticism. 

 It is sketchy ; it is not very logically arranged, containing a mis- 

 cellaneous mixture of observations on the intelligence, habits, 

 gestures, affections, and general mental attributes of monkeys, 

 some of which are new, but most of which are not especially new, 

 and have little relation to the subject of monkey speech. The 

 observations on the actual speech of monkeys, which is of course 

 the really vaWable part of the work, fills only a small portion of 

 the book. We must look upon this volume and the work it de- 

 scribes simply as an outline sketch of the beginning of a series of 

 results which may be carried to a successful issue in later years. 

 The thanks of science are certainly due to Mr. Garner for open 

 ing to us a new line of research and a new realm of suggestive 

 thought. H. W. Conn. 



Outlines of Zoology. By J. Arthur Thomson. Edinburgh and 

 London, Young J. Pentland, 1893, 655 p. 111. 



For some years now there has been no text-book of zoology in 

 the English language at all adequately representing the present 

 state of the science, and at the same time of moderate cost. The 

 cost of Claus and Sedgwick is high; the translation of Lang must 

 remain incomplete till the original shall be finished; Lankester's 

 promised book still delays its appearance; Packard is out of date, 

 as for that matter is Claus and Sedgwick ; and the college teacher 



who wishes his students to have a good reference book in their 

 possession hardly knows where to turn when the said students 

 combine a comparative ignorance of German with thinly-lined 

 pocket-books. Under these circumstances, the prospect afforded 

 by the announcement of Mr. Thomson's book was distinctly at- 

 tractive. 



It may be said at the outset that the hook to a large extent re- 

 sponds to favorable anticipations. Mr. Thomson, while not much 

 known as an original investigator, has made a record for himself 

 in the hardly, if at all, less useful role of abstractor and collator 

 of the work of others, while his occasional essays and his work 

 with Professor Geddes on the evolution of sex have shown him to 

 possess an agreeable literary style. The " Outlines of Zoology " is- 

 an exceedingly readable book, and perhaps the only criticism that 

 can be made upon its style is that it occasionally degenerates into 

 flippancy. Professor Forbes was quite justified in making his joke 

 about the "wink of derision " which Luidia gave him as it passed 

 over the side of the boat after breaking off its arm ; but it is hardly 

 desirable to waste space in repeating the joke in a text-book. A 

 good many examples of this kind might be quoted. 



Mr. Thomson wisely, we think, follows the example of Claus, 

 Boas, and other writers in devoting a considerable amount of space 

 to general matters. The first ninety pages of the book are occu- 

 pied with an account of the functions of animals, the meaning of 

 organs, tissues, and cells, methods of reproduction, fertilization, 

 segmentation, etc., palaeontology, distribution, and the principles 

 of evolution. Evidently these subjects must be treated in the 

 briefest possible way ; but the result is on the whole not unsatis- 

 factory. The first chapter, however, which takes for granted a 

 knowledge of the meaning of such words as " cells," for example, 

 would be a pretty tough morsel for the average student beginning 

 zoology without any hiological training. Of the remaining 514 

 pages (excluding index), 343 are taken up with invertebrates, and 

 171 with vertebrates — an arrangement which, for a general text- 

 book, surely gives too much space to the vertebrates. 



Publications Received at Editor's Office. 



Bkidge, JOHN. From TUbary to Torbay. London, 



Gilbert & Elvington. 16°. 154 p. 

 De Vakigny, Henry. Experimental Bvolution. 



London and New York, Macmlllan & Co 12°. 



283 p. $1.50, 

 Holm, Theo. Notes on the Flowers of Antbroxan- 



thum Odoratum L. Washington Government. 



8°. 5 p. 

 Maine State Board op Health. Seventh Annual 



Report. Augusta, State Printers. 8°. paper. 



44 p. 

 Mueller, Ferd. Von, Select Extra-Tropical Plants. 



8th ed. Melbourne, Australia, Government. 8°. 



Paper. 603 p. 

 Eamsat, Alexander. The Scientiflc Roll, Nos. 1, 



2, 3. Climate, Baric Condition. London, W. E. 



Bowers. 8°. Paper. 

 Smyth, Bernard. B. Check, List of the Plants of 



Knusas, Topeka. Bernard B, Smyth. 8°. Paper. 



34 p. 

 Tompkins, C. E. The Woodworker's Manual, Dover. 



N. H. The John A. White Co. 8°. Paper. 60 



p. 111. 

 U. S. Geol. Survey, Bulletin No. 79. Washington 



Government. 8°. paper. 39 p. 

 Wright, G. Frederick. Man and the Glacial 



Period. New York, D. Appleton & Co. 12°. 401 



p. $1.75. 



Reading Matter Notices. 

 Ripans Tabules : best liver tonic. 

 Ripans Tabules cure Jaundice. 



MIMED A I C Cabinet Specimens, Collections, and 

 IfllllLnnLoi material by the pound, for miner- 

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 Send for 100-page catalofjue. paper bound, 15 cents; 

 cloth bound, 25 cents: supplement, 2 cents, Geo, L. 

 English & Co., Mineralogists, 733 & 735 B'way. N. Y. 



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Exchangees. 



[Free of charge to all, if of satisfactory character. 

 Address N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, New York.l 



For Sale or EschanKe.— The subscriber would 

 like to receive cash offers, or an offer in exchange 

 for the earlier volumes of Poggendorf's Annalen 

 and the later volumes of Silliman"s Journal, upon 

 the following list: Chenn —Manuel de Conchylio 

 logife. a vols. Nearly 5,000 fifiures, some hand-col- 

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 of N. A. 2 vols. Plates hand-colored. Vol. I., half 

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 library of monographs, reports, and scientific 

 books, and a large number of duplicates of fossils, 

 minerals and shells. E. A. STRONG, Ypsilanti, 

 Kich., Sept., 1892. 



Exchange.— I have the finest shells of Anodonta 

 corpulenta, C'p'r, and Suborbiculata, Say, in the 

 world. Will exchange for fresh water, land, and 

 marine shells, in large or small quantities. Have 

 also for exchange 50 varieties of fresh water and 

 land shells from Spoon River, 111. Dr. W. S. 

 STRODE, Lewistown, 111. 



To exchange for books on birds or insects, or 

 fo back volumes of American Naturalist : Ecker's 

 " Anatomy of the Frog," Packard''s " Guide," 

 Guyofs "The Earth and Man." R-ckhiirs, "The 

 Land of the Lamas," Parker's " Biology," Shoe- 

 maker's "Heredity, Health and Personal Beauty," 

 Dexter's "The Kingdoms of Nature," all new. M.J. 

 ELROD, 111. Wes. Univ., Bloomington, 111. 



For Sale.— About 1087 volumes of the private 

 library of Dr. Nicolas Le6n, foimerly director of 

 the Museum at fVorelia, embracing publications of 

 special value for Mexicologists, like those of Bishop 

 Zum^rraga (16th century), of Sii^uenza y Gongora, 

 of Aleman, etc., the Missal of Spinoza, all very 

 scarce : manuscripts ou tLe history of Michoac^n 

 and other Mexican States, on the Tarasco (the 

 Indian language of Michoac^n) and several works, 

 of which The only copy koown to exist is in this 

 collection. Parties interested in the sale please 

 address Dr. NIC. LEON, Portal de Matamoras, 

 Morelia, Mexico. 



For Exchange—" The Birds of Kansas, "—Goss, for 

 Gray's Anatomy, or Medical Dictionary. Must be 

 in good condition. Address, J. H. SIMPSON, Buch- 

 tel College. Akron, Ohio. 



Wants. 



METALLURGICAL CHEMIST will give instruc- 

 tion in the metallurgy and chemical analysis 

 of iron and steel . Complete or special courses ap- 

 pl J ing to the manufacture of pig irons and steels, as- 

 well as to their uses. Address " MET ALLURGIST,'"' 

 care Science. 



A GRADUATE of the University of Pennsylvania 

 and a practical mineralogist of twenty years' 

 experience desires to give his services and a eabi- 

 net of 25,1 00 specimens, all named, with about the 

 same number of duplicates, in minerals, crystals, 

 rocks, gems, fossils, shells, archceological and ethno- 

 logical specimens and woods to any institution de- 

 siring a fine outfit for study. The owner will in- 

 crease the cabinet to 5O,OU0 specimens in two years 

 and will act as curator. Correspondence solicited 

 from any scientific institution. J. W. Hortter, 

 M.D., Ph.D., San Francisco, Cal., General P. O.. 

 Delivery. 



WANTED. — A position as zoological artist in cob- 

 t ection with a scientific expedition, institution 

 or individual investigations. Experienced in micro- 

 scopic and all scientific work. References given if 

 desired. Address J. HENRY BLAKE, 7 Prentiss - 

 Place, N. Cambridge, Mass. 



CHEMIST AND ENGINEER, graduate German 

 Polytechnic, Organic and Analytical, desires a 

 position in laboratory or chemical works. Address 

 213!.^ E. 7th Street, New York, care Levy. 



A MAN, 36 years old, of extensive experience, hay- - 

 ing the degrees of A.M. and Ph.D.. desires a 

 first-class opening as a teacher of Zoology and 

 kindred studies in a college or university. Can 

 furnish numerous testimonials or references as to 

 success and skill in most modern laboratory 

 methods. Address E. W. D., Md. Agr. College, 

 College Park, Md. 



A 



JOHNS HOPKINS graduate (189'3) desires a 

 position as instructor in mathematics and 

 physics. Addres", A. B. TURNER, Johns Hopkins 

 ity, Baltimore, Md. 



A YOUNG MAN, with a thorough training in Ana- 

 lytical Chemistry (including analysis of miner- 

 als, food, water, etc ), and holding a diploma of the 

 School of Practical Science, of Toronto, and good tes- 

 timonials, desires a position as Analytical Chemist 

 or as assistant to. such. Address to WM, LAWSON, , 

 16 Washington Aye., Toronto, Ontario, 



