14 



SCIENCE. 



[VuL. XIII, No. 309 



— The most important article in the " Political Science Quar- 

 terly" for December is by Professor Theodore W. D wight, on 

 "The Legality of 'Trusts.' " The writer considers the common- 

 law doctrine respecting restraint of trade, and other principles 

 bearing on the question, and reaches the conclusion that trusts are 

 partnerships, like any others, and that unless they can be shown to 

 have been formed with the ititent of raising prices unduly, or for 

 some other distinctly unlawful purpose, they are lawful under the 

 law as it now stands. He then goes on to maintain that the con- 

 stitutional provision that no man shall be deprived of liberty with- 

 out due process of law, forbids the State to interfere with them ; 

 or, in his own words, if the trust " is naiu lawful as a reasonable 

 and proper element in production, it cannot properly be made un- 

 lawful by legislative acts of a stigmatizing character;" which 

 seems rather singular doctrine. The sale of intoxicating liquors is 

 now lawful in the State of New York ; but is the Legislature for- 

 bidden by the Constitution to prohibit it ? Besides this paper of 

 Professor Dwight's, there is an article by Professor Hadley on 

 " Public Business Management " that is worthy of attention. The 

 writer considers the question in various aspects and with reference 

 to recent examples, and reaches the conclusion that the manage- 

 ment ol business enterprises by the State or the city has not thus 

 far proved very successful. On the other hand, Mr. William 

 Clarke, in discussing " Socialism in English Politics," maintains 

 the opposite view, and predicts the rapid growth of State socialism 

 in England. Professor Burgess treats of the law recently passed, 

 regulating the electoral count, by the Houses of Congress, and 

 pronounces it nothing but a makeshift. The concluding essay in 

 the review is by two English writers, on " The Ballot in England," 

 and gives both a history of the subject and an account of the kind 

 of ballot now in use there. At the present time, when the ques- 

 tion of ballot reform has become important in America, this article 

 will be found useful. 



— The Worthington Co. have ready " Our Presidents '' by Vir- 

 ginia F. Townsend, giving the lives of the twenty-two Presidents of 

 the United States, enlivened by anecdotes and romantic incidents 

 in the lives of the men who received the highest honor in the gift 

 of their countrymen. The fine steel portraits of these men are the 

 work of H. B. Hall & Sons, and are executed with great care. In 

 these days of all sorts and conditions of reproduction processes, it 

 is a rest to the eyes to see the solid steel engravings of former days 

 once more. The publishers get out this timely work in an edition 

 de luxe limited to five hundred copies, with portraits printed on In- 

 dia paper, and the volume is handsomely and appropriately bound 

 in rich red cloth with title on white label. 



— G. W. Smalley, in the " New York Tribune," Dec. 14, states that 

 an interesting, even surprising fact relating to America came out at 

 Dr. Robertson Smith's dinner to the "Encyclopaedia Britannica" 

 contributors. Mr. Black, one of the publishers, told the company 

 the entire circulation of the new ninth edition was fifty thousand 

 copies, of which forty thousand went to the United States ; Ameri- 

 cans, that is, have bought four times as many copies of the best 

 English encyclopedia as the English themselves have. America 

 has, in fact, absorbed a million quarto volumes of this great work. 

 These figures, we presume, refer only to the editions handled in this 

 country by Little, Brown, & Co. and Charles Scribner's Sons, and 

 do not include the two reprints of the J. M. Stoddard Co. and of 

 the combination using the photographic process. 



— From January, 1889, when Vol. XI. will begin, " The Ameri- 

 can Chemical Journal " will appear in eight numbers a year, in- 

 stead of six as heretofore. As far as may be practicable, one num- 

 ber of about seventy-two pages will be issued each month of the 

 year, excepting July, August, September, and October. For some 

 time past the supply of articles submitted for publication has been 

 so great as to require the entire space of the journal, and the edi- 

 tor has found it impossible to continue the reviews, reports, and 

 abstracts which formed a somewhat prominent feature of the ear- 

 lier volumes. It is proposed now to restore this feature, and a 

 strong effort will be made to secure such reviews and reports as 

 will give a fair idea of the progress of chemistry in its various 

 branches. In consequence of the increase of size, the price will be 



raised from three dollars to four dollars a volume. Hereafter all 

 communications in regard to subscriptions should be addressed to 

 the Publication Ageticy of the Johns Hopkins University, Balti- 

 more, Md.; and editorial communications, to the editor, Ira Rem- 

 sen. Post Office Drawer 2, Baltimore, Md. 



— The " Journal of Morphology " for November (Boston, Ginn 

 & Co.) contains the following interesting articles : " On the De- 

 velopment of Manicina Areolata," by Henry V. Wilson ; " The 

 Structure and Development of the Visual Area in the Trilobite,. 

 Phacops Rana, Green," by John M. Clarke ; " Further Studies on 

 Grammicolepis Brachiusculus, Poey," by R. W. Shufeldt ; " On 

 the Relations of the Hyoid and Otic Elements of the Skeleton in 

 the Batrachia," by E. D. Cope; and "On the Affinities of 

 Aphriza Virgata," by R. W. Shufeldt. 



— " Writing for Young People — Ideal," " Shorthand for Liter- 

 ary Purposes," " Mental Dyspepsia," " Statute Regulations for the 

 Press," "On Quoting," and "Learning to Write," are among the 

 topics discussed in the January number of " The Writer." This 

 unique magazine for literary workers is now in its third volume. 



— An interesting experiment in bringing up a baby without shoes 

 and stockings is described at length in the January number of 

 "Babyhood." The experiment was successful, but the medical 

 editor takes occasion to protest against the "hardening process" 

 to which some parents submit their children. "Chilblains and 

 frost-bites" is just now a very seasonable subject, and it is not 

 often that one finds so practical and authoritative a treatment of it 

 as Dr. Bissell offers to the readers of " Babyhood." " Learning to 

 Walk," by Dr. Canfield, deals with a subject of perennial interest 

 to mothers of young children. " Home Instruction for Little Chil- 

 dren " will be found particularly valuable in households where the 

 nursery begins to expand into the schoolroom. The letters con- 

 tributed by mothers include a vigorous protest against the absence 

 of sleeping-car comforts for ladies and children, a rather despairing 

 inquiry as to the limit of a mother's devotion to her children, a 

 striking illustration of the dangers of the fruit-diet to expectant 

 mothers, etc. The " Nursery Observations " record many amus- 

 ing and curious traits of young children, and the answers to " Nur- 

 sery Problems " are instructive. 



— The " Quarterly Journal of Economics " for January is a 

 university number. Professor Andrews of Cornell writes upon 

 " Trusts ; " Professor Patten of Pennsylvania, on " Capital ; " 

 Professor Hadley of Yale, on " The Railroads under the Interstate 

 Commerce Law;" and Professor Edgeworth of King's College, 

 London, on " The Appreciation of Gold." Harvard is represented 

 by a copious array of notes and memoranda on various interesting 

 topics, and a review of "The Tariff Literature of the Campaign," 

 and an historical paper on the suspension of specie payment in Italy 

 in 1866, written as a university study by A. B. Houghton in 1886, 

 and now issued as an appendix to this number. 



— The long-announced articles by Mr. Charles DeKay, on Ire- 

 land, begin in the January " Century ; " the first being entitled 

 "Pagan Ireland," with illustrations of the mediffival castle at Clon- 

 micnois, the Cross at .Monasterboice, the round tower at Ardmore, 

 etc. Mr. Wilson, the photographer, continues his series on the 

 Holy Land in connection with the International Sunday-School 

 Lessons. The present instalment, profusely illustrated, is entitled 

 " Round about Galilee." The Lincoln life in this number deals 

 with three commanding events, — Popes Virginia campaign, the 

 battle of Antietam, and the announcement of emancipation. An 

 illustrated article on " The West Point of the Confederacy " gives 

 an account of a battle the details of which are little known in the 

 North, and in which the cadets of the Virginia Military Institute 

 at Lexington took a conspicuous and romantic part, suffering 

 heavily in killed and wounded. An essay by Col. Auchmuty tells 

 about a new movement in connection with the subject of American 

 labor. This essay is entitled " An American Apprentice System," 

 and describes a new system of apprenticeship, which Col. Auch- 

 muty considers " suitable to American wants," and which he says 

 " concerns in no small degree the welfare of the nation." Mr. 

 Frederic Remington, the artist, himself writes as well as illustrates 



