January i8, 1889.] 



SCIENCE. 



45 



watered by numerous tributaries of the Kongo, and by the Zambezi 

 and its branches. It is higher than the Kongo valley, and is there- 

 fore more healthy. Several Portuguese, English, and German trav- 

 ellers have crossed and recrossed this part of the continent, and the 

 Portuguese have some small settlements on the coast and in the 

 interior. The Portuguese of the present generation have not the 



The only harbor on the coast is now held by the English ; and, 

 from the character of the country, we are not surprised that the 

 Germans have abandoned it, for we are told that " the coast is sandy 

 and waterless, deficient in good harbors, and devoid of permanent 

 rivers, washed by never-ceasing surf, bristling with reefs, and over- 

 hung by a perpetual haze." 



nn 



n. 4, Spanish. 5, ICaliaa. 6, Portuguese. 7, Kongo Free 8, Liberia. 9, South African ; 



State. Orange Free State 



APPROPRIATION OF AFRICA BY EUROPEANS. 



enterprise and trading spirit of their forefathers, and are doing very 

 little for the settlement of the country. 



South of the Portuguese possessions, England claims from the 

 Portuguese possessions on the Atlantic to their possessions on the 

 Pacific, including Namaqua-Land, Cape Colony, the Transvaal, and 

 Zulu-Land. Namaqua and Damara Land, formerly claimed by 

 the Germans, are now put down on some of the maps as claimed 

 by them ; but, excepting a small colony at Angra Pequena, it is now, 

 I believe, all claimed by the English. 



North of Zulu-Land, the Portuguese claim the coast of Zanzibar. 

 Over Zanzibar, Germany has lately assumed the protectorate, under 

 a treaty with the Sultan of the country, claiming the land from the 

 ocean to the great lakes ; then England again, a little to the north 

 of Zanzibar, the rival of Germany in its claims. The English have 

 factories north-west of Zanzibar, and a regular route up the Zam- 

 bezi and Shire Rivers, with a single portage to Lake Nyassa, and a 

 road to Lake Tanganyika. They have steamers on each of the lakes, 

 and several missionary and trading stations. The latest news from 



