SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XI T I. No. 313 



The water-supply is by a plunger feed-pump, run direct from the 

 engine-shaft, and is kept at a uniform level in the boiler by means 

 of a float connected to a valve in the suction of pump. This float 

 is in a chamber which is connected by piping to the top and bot- 

 tom of the boiler, and rises or falls with the water. The movement 

 is conveyed by levers to the valve in the pump, which it opens or 

 closes as the water-level changes. 



The engine is well built, and of the best material. The piston 

 is solid, and has sectional packing-rings, each section overlapping 

 the other, and being set out by independent springs. This, of 

 course, makes a very tight and true-wearing ring. 



The valve is of the piston type, and perfectly balanced. 



The governor is an automatic cut-off, working direct from the 

 shaft to the valve ; and the speed is very finely regulated, no matter 



The engines and boilers are now built on one or separate 

 bases, of one, two, four, si.\, and eight horse-power, and the com- 

 pany have in process of construction compound and triple expan- 

 sion engines of various sizes. For further information, address the 

 Shipman Engine Company, 92 Pearl Street, Boston, iVIass. 



WATER FILTRATION AND AERATION. 



The rapid growth of the mill industries, and of the arts and 

 manufactures in general throughout the country, bring more than 

 ever prominently to the front the important questions of the purity 

 of the water-supply, and the necessity of taking immediate and active 

 measures to secure this greatly to be desired quality. Particularly 

 is this the case in the southern section of the country, toward 



what the load. The shaft is of cast steel, very large, and having 

 extra long bearings in babbitted boxes. 



All wearing parts are of extra size, and adjusted for the taking- 

 up of lost motion. Lubrication of the cylinder is by a sight-feed ; 

 and the slides and shaft-boxes, by the ordinary oil-cup. Oiling of the 

 crank-pin is effected by a centrifugal oiler attached to the crank-disk. 



From the above it can be seen that when steam has been raised, 

 and a sufficient quantity of oil and water supplied, the engine re- 

 quires no further attention. 



The question is asked. How are the fires operated when there is 

 only cold water in the boiler.? For this purpose a hand air-pump, 

 attached to the boiler, is provided. A few strokes of this pump 

 will start the fires, and it is only necessary to pump slowly for 

 seven or eight minutes to raise enough steam to keep them going. 

 As soon as steam is made, all work with the air-pump ceases, and, 

 as before stated, one hundred pounds can be raised in from ten to 

 twelve minutes. As regards the other advantages of " The Ship- 

 man," it can be said that it is compact, light, and durable, and en- 

 tirely dispenses with the services of a skilled engineer. 



which the attention of capitalists throughout the world is being 

 more and more attracted. The more important features of health 

 and cleanliness render it an imperative duty to prepare for the 

 rapidly increasing population of our cities by taking judicious 

 measures to secure to every community that system which, having 

 simplicity and durability to recommend it, will, while being eco- 

 nomical, insure a sufficient supply of pure water for individual use 

 as well as for the factories and mills. Our country is blessed with 

 a plentiful water-supply in almost every section, and the very fact 

 of the abundance of this supply necessitates the precautions above 

 referred to ; as so large an amount of matter is carried in suspen- 

 sion in most of our large rivers, that some system of filtration must 

 be resorted to. Some of the features that tend toward the perfect- 

 ing of apparatus for this purpose are the ability to maintain the 

 necessary "head or pressure," simplicity of construction, durability, 

 quickness and thoroughness in cleansing, economy in water to ac- 

 complish this cleansing, cheapness, strength to withstand any de- 

 sired pressure, and capacity to supply the maximum amount of 

 clear water required for the purpose in view. The National Water 



