April 19, 1889.] 



SCIENCE. 



307 



— Scribner & Welford have just imported a unique example of 

 book-making in the " Multum in Parvo Atlas of the World." It 

 contains ninety-six double-page maps, a large amount of statistics, 

 and an index covering over one hundred pages, all in shape and 

 size for the pocket. They have just ready a volume of poems and 

 translations by W. J. Linton, the well-known engraver. He pri- 

 vately published, before this, two volumes of poems, both in very 

 limited editions, and now very scarce. In this volume nearly all 

 the poems in those two volumes are included ; and, besides new 

 poems, a number of new renderings of French poems, in the origi- 

 nal metres, are included. 



— Roberts Brothers announce for early publication the second 

 volume of Renan's " History of the People of Israel," covering the 

 period from the reign of David to the capture of Samaria, 721 

 B.C.; and " French and English," a comparison between these 

 great nations in literature, science, and art, by Philip Gilbert Ham- 

 erton. 



— Macmillan & Co. will act as the American agents of Sonnen- 

 schein & Co.'s new Library of Philosophy. This library is to con- 

 sist of a series of works edited by J. H. Muirhead, and arranged in 

 three departments, dealing respectively with schools of philosophers, 

 the history of thought in particular departments, and the subject- 

 matter of philosophy treated from an original point of view. In 

 the first series, which will, it is expected, ultimately cover the entire 

 history of thought in the fields of metaphysics and ethics, the fol- 

 lowing volumes have already been promised: "Sensationalists: 

 Locke to Mill." by W. S. Hough of Ann Arbor, Mich.; "Modern 

 Realists : Leibnitz to Lotze," by Professor Andrew Seth of St An- 

 drew's ; " Early Idealists : Descartes to Leibnitz," by W. L. Court- 

 ney of New College, Oxford ; " Scientific Evolutionists : Comte to 

 Spencer," by Professor John Watson of Kingston, Canada ; " Util- 

 itarians : Bentham to Contemporary Writers," by W. R. Sorley of 

 Trinity College, Cambridge ; " Moral Sense Writers : Shaftesbury 

 to Martineau." by Professor William Knight of St. Andrew's ; and 

 " Idealistic Moralists : Kant to Green," by Professor Henry Jones 

 of University College, Bangor, Me. Of the volumes of the second 

 series, already arranged for, may be mentioned a " History of 

 Logic," by Professor George S. Morris of Ann Arbor, Mich.; 

 " History of Psychology," by Professor Adamson of Owens Col- 

 lege ; " History of Political Philosophy," by D. G. Ritchie and J. H. 

 Muirhead ; " History of Economics," by Dr. J. Bonar ; " History of 

 Esthetics," by A. Bosanquet ; and "Evolution of Theology," by 

 Professor Otto Pfleiderer. As an introduction to the library, 

 Erdmann's (smaller) " History of Philosophy," in three volumes, 

 has been translated by Dr. W. S. Hough of Ann Arbor, Mich., and 

 will appear very shortly. 



— Macmillan cS: Co. have just ready F. Marion Crawford's latest 

 novel, " Greifenstein," the scene of which is laid in South Germany, 

 principally in the Black Forest. Some charming bits of German 

 university life are given. 



— D. Appleton & Co. have just ready " The History of Ancient 

 Civilization," a handbook based upon M. Gustave Ducoudray's 

 " Histoire Sommaire de la Civilization," a recent French work that 

 has been highly commended by European critics, edited, revised, 

 and extended by Rem. J. Verschoyle. The second part of the 

 work, treating of modern civilization, will appear shortly. They 

 have also just ready " The Ladies' Gallery," by Justin McCarthy 

 and Mrs. Campbell-Praed, in their Town and Country Library. 



— Almost the only new English poet who has won a way into 

 American magazines in the past two or three years is Mrs. Graham 

 R. Tomson, a collection of whose verse is about to be issued by 

 Longmans, Green, & Co., almost at the same time that they pub- 

 lish Col. Higginson's poems. Mrs. Tomson's book is called " The 

 Bird-Bride, a Volume of Ballads and Sonnets." The title "bal- 

 lad " is of interest to Americans, in that it is an Eskimo legend. 



— In the May issue of The Chatitauqua7i, Professor J. A. Har- 

 rison of Washington and Lee University discusses " Physical Cul- 

 ture in Ancient Greece ; " Thomas D. Seymour of Yale University 

 writes on " Demosthenes," the eighth in the series of Greek bio- 

 graphical sketches ; Russell Sturgis has a paper on " The Archa- 



ologist in Greece ; " the Rev. J. G. Wood, the eminent English 

 naturalist, gives the first of a two-part paper on " Odd Fishes ; " 

 Charles Barnard writes of " The Social and Economic Effects of 

 Railroads ; " Helen Campbell discusses " The Child and the Com- 

 munity ; " " Internal Improvements " is the subject of an article by 

 Franklin H. Giddings of Bryn Mawr College ; John Burroughs 

 writes on " Lovers of Nature ; " Professor Charles J. Little of Syra- 

 cuse University considers " The Paris Mob and its Achievements ; " 

 an article on " Queer Uses of Words " is from the pen of Rebecca 

 Hart ; a sketch of the Russian general, Loris-Melikof, is translated 

 from the Revue des Deux Mondes ; Dr. H. C. Adams of Michigan 

 University explains the nature and use of " National Bank Notes ; " 

 and Charles Frederick Holder closes the list of contributed articles 

 with an account of " The Early Californians." 



LETTERS TO THE EDITOR. 



* ^* Correspondettis are requested io be as brief as possible . The writer's name is 

 in all cases required as proof o/ good faith. 



The editor luill be glad to publish any queries consonant with the character of 

 the journal. 



Twenty copies of the number containing his communication will be furnished 

 free to any correspoJldent on request. 



The Robinson Anemometer. 



In concluding my share in the discussion of this question, I wish 

 to show that it looks now as though Professor Marvin and I have 

 been considering the same resultant effect in the anemometer 

 problem, but from different standpoints. If we place an anemom- 

 eter on a whirler in a free wind, it is easy to see that the wind 

 must have, relatively, a constant effect in all portions of the rota- 

 tion. If the wind is double the velocity of the whirler, the result- 

 ant effect will be due two-thirds to it and one-third to the whirler ; 

 if the two are equal, each will produce half the effect ; and so on. 

 This effect has an actual continued increase during half a rotation, 

 and an equivalent diminution during the remaining half : therefore 

 it seems plain that the momentum acquired by the cups during 

 half the rotation of the whirler would be balanced by that lost 

 during the other half. 



Viewed from the standpoint of the free wind effect, however, we 

 see an entirely different condition. In computing the anemometer 

 factor, it has been customary to regard the motion of the whirler as 

 entering in its entirety in every rotation, and the whole resultant 

 effect of both whirler and wind on the anemometer has been com- 

 bined with that. In consequence the total effect differs with each 

 relative motion of whirler and wind. For example : if the wind is 

 double the whirler velocity, there is an increase above the motion 

 due to the whirler during the whole of its rotation, and a total in- 

 crease in the effect, due to the wind, of about 100 per cent ; if the 

 two are equal, there is an increase for two-thirds of the whirler ro- 

 tation, with an increase of over 25 per cent in the effect due to the 

 wind ; if the wind is half the whirler, the increase continues 

 through about 59 per cent of the rotation, with an increase in the 

 resultant of 10 per cent ; and so on. If we add to this the effect 

 of whirls in the air, the low results found in England seem to be 

 accounted for. 



It seems to be pretty well proved that heavy cups, from their 

 momentum, do not run ahead of lighter cups in an intermittent 

 wind ; and even if they did, their resultant motion would not be 

 increased on a whirler. There is good evidence, that, at least at a 

 low velocity of the whirler, the direct effect of the free wind ac- 

 counts for the very low anemometer factor found therein. 



H. A. Hazen. 



Washington, D.C., April 15. 



Surveys, their Kinds and Purposes. 



Will you kindly permit me space to criticise some of the con- 

 clusions reached by Mr. Marcus Baker, in the paper on " Sun'eys, 

 their Kinds and Purposes," published in your issue of Nov. 30, 

 1888 .' The classification of surveying work is becoming more im- 

 portant every day, in view of the greater interest the States are 



