May 31, 1889.] 



SCIENCE. 



417 



speed of the revolving belt and travelling cable to the speed of the 

 motor, and thus enables a gradual start or variable train-speed 

 without injury to the grip or cable. To the left of the capstan-wheel 

 is a vertical shaft having on top a crank with handle or a wheel, 

 and terminating below in a bevel-gear wheel which engages with 

 another keyed to the long shaft, by means of which the pick-up is 

 operated, as well as the carrying-sheaves at the end of the motor, 

 which serve to properly guide the cable in its relationship to the 

 revolving belt, and cause it to revolve at the same speed as the 

 travelling cable, before their contact'. These are all very simply 

 and positively accomplished by the continuous turning of the one 

 crank, which, being a uniform motion, precludes any confusion of 

 the operator. 



Fig. 4 shows the pick-up and supporting wheels in detail, and 

 their transposition when operated. Though the pick-up is capable 

 of being worked at any time, its use is seldom required, as the 

 cable travels through the supporting wheels almost continuously, — 

 during stops at stations and when varying the speed, — and is sel- 

 dom dropped but at crossings, ends of sections, and the termini. 

 In dotted lines below the capstan-wheel is the automatic tripping- 

 device to release the cable at the end of a section or at any fixed 

 point. 



Fig. 5 is a cross-section showing the shape of the clip-belt in its 

 position between the gripping and braking jaws, which get their 

 force from the connected compound levers and toggle, actuated by 

 the large capstan-wheel. This grip is seen holding the right-hand 

 cable, but may be easily shifted on its movable supporting-frame, 

 pneumatically with cylinders, as shown in plan view in Fig. 6 (or 

 with a capstan-bar), by the engineer or grip-man, to the centre (as 

 required with a single cable), or to accommodate the left-hand 

 cable (as in this duplicate system) ; which cable is seen supported 

 by the end guide-wheels (previously referred to in connection with 

 Figs. 3 and 4) in Fig. 7 in their relationship with the guard-wheels 

 to the guard-rail and curve-carrying sheaves. Figs. 8 and 9 respec- 

 tively showing the same duplicate cables in plan of track on curve, 

 and its approach. This motor is also provided with combined air- 

 pumps and engine-cylinders, and reservoirs. 



Being adapted to a duplicate cable system that provides against 

 the delays which might possibly occur in the use of a single cable, 

 the grip is shifted to a position directly over the cable it is desired 

 to take (see Fig. 6), two methods being provided in case of accident 

 to one or the other. The horizontal crank or wheel actuating the 

 vertical shaft (see Fig. 3) is then revolved continuously in the same 

 direction. This causes the pick-up at each end of the motor (see 

 Figs. 3 and 4) to descend, pass under the cable, lift it. and throw 

 in the carrying-wheels (see Figs. 3 and 4) to support the cable in 

 an elevated position, to be gripped by the clip-belt after the same 

 has been put into motion by contact of the same supporting-wheels 

 with the travelling cable ; following which the pick-up is lowered 

 slightly, and withdrawn to one side of the cable. The train can 

 now be started and speeded with a graduation exactly as the oper- 

 ator may intend by the turning of the large capstan-wheel that 

 governs the powerful mechanical combination (see Fig. 4) which 

 actuates the braking and gripping- jaws, increasing or lessening the 

 required tractive power, and correspondingly regulating the speed 

 of the train without any undue exertion of the operator. 



If for any reason it should be necessary to communicate with or 

 signal to the power-house, or stop one cable and start the other, 

 it may be done direct from the trains or motors, at any point on the 

 line of railway, by a patent electric device ; and, in the event of 

 thus transferring the power from one to the other of the duplicate 

 cables, the grips are shifted conformably (see Fig. 6). 



THE WORK OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF AMERI- 

 CAN ARCH/EOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY. 



The twenty-second annual report of Professor F. W. Putnam 

 shows that the work of the Peabody Museum of American Archze- 

 ology and Ethnology is constantly growing in importance. From 

 the interesting contents of his report we glean the following facts. 



The museum purchased for a moderate sum, from the Rev. 

 Samuel Lockwood of Freehold, N.J., a collection of particular im- 

 portance in supplementing the Abbott collection from the vicinity 



of Trenton. Over thirty years ago Mr. Lockwood investigated the 

 great shell-heap at Keyport, and was the first to call attention to 

 its character. This shell-heap, with many of the objects from it, 

 was afterwards described by Dr. Rau, and has become historical 

 in American archeology. From this large refuse-pile the most 

 important part of the Lockwood collection was obtained. In ad- 

 dition, there are many stone implements from various places in 

 Monmouth, Middlesex, Mercer, and Ocean Counties. Among 

 them are several paleolithic implements, and a large number of 

 argillite points, found under peculiar conditions, and showing a 

 degree of weathering which is conclusive evidence of their extreme 

 antiquity. As the shell-heap at Keyport, once covering a mile or 

 more in length along a narrow strip, bordered upon one side by the 

 ocean and on the other by Raritan Bay, is entirely obliterated, it is 

 of importance that the materials obtained froth it be now in the 

 museum for comparison with the very extensive collections from 

 the shell-heaps of New England. The fact that at certain places 

 on this narrow strip between the bay and the sea the prevailing 

 implements were of argillite and of great antiquity has a peculiar 

 significance in connection with those from Trenton, and again points 

 to an intermediate period between the paleolithic and the late In- 

 dian occupation of New Jersey. The collection also contains three 

 Indian crania from Monmouth County, and a few objects from 

 various places beyond the immediate region of Keyport. Mr. 

 Lockwood has a considerable number of field notes, made during 

 his long-continued explorations of the vicinity of Keyport, and it is 

 his intention to prepare a full account of his observations and of 

 the collection, for publication by the museum. 



In the list of officers given in connection with the last report, it 

 will be noticed that the name of Mr. Hilborne T. Cresson of Phila- 

 delphia is given as a special assistant in the field. Mr. Cresson, 

 while studying abroad, became interested in the archaeology of 

 France and Switzerland, and while at home has devoted his leisure 

 time to a study of American archeology, upon which he has pub- 

 lished several important papers. About 1870 his attention was 

 called to the existence of stakes or piles, observed by a fisherman, 

 in the mud at the mouth of Naaman's Creek, a small tributary of 

 the Delaware River. Circumstances at the time did not permit of 

 more than a hasty examination and the taking of a photograph of 

 the locality. It was not until Mr. Cresson's return from France, in 

 1S80, that means were furnished, by a gentleman of Philadelphia, 

 to prosecute the work. His examinations soon led to the discovery 

 of three distinct localities, near to each other, which he designated 

 Stations A, B, and C, and around which were found a very impor- 

 tant and instructive collection of stone implements, a few points 

 aind fragments of bone, and a human tooth. At one station a 

 number of fragments of rude pottery were found, and at this were 

 obtained the several pile-ends now in the museum. This collec- 

 tion he has generously given to the museum, and proposes soon to 

 prepare a full account of his discoveries for publication. The 

 museum is also much indebted to Mr. A. B. Huey of Philadelphia 

 for a number of specimens which he obtained while with Mr. Cres- 

 son during the examination of Station B, and to Mr. W. R. Thomp- 

 son of Philadelphia, for several potsherds, and a large stone maul 

 with a hole drilled through it, from the same station. 



When it is recalled that this is the first indication in North 

 America of any thing even remotely resembling the crannoge-like 

 structures of the European bogs, the importance of Mr. Cresson's 

 labors will be appreciated; and the museum is fortunate in having 

 his co-operation in its work, — a co-operation which he states he 

 freely gives from his appreciation of the objects and methods of 

 the museum. The specimens are now exhibited in the museum, 

 and are of great importance in the study of the periods of occupa- 

 tion of the Atlantic coast. The discovery by Mr. Cresson of the 

 fact that at only one station pottery occurs, and also that at this 

 station the stone implements are largely of jasper and quartz, with 

 few of argillite, while at the two other stations many rude stone 

 implements are associated with chipped points of argillite, with few 

 of jasper and other flint-like material, is of great interest in con- 

 nection with the specimens collected by Dr. Abbott and IMr. Lock- 

 wood in New Jersey, to which allusion has been made. 



In connection with his studies of the river-stations, Mr. Cresson 

 has examined the peat marshes and land along the shore of the 



