June 14, 1889.] 



SCIENCE. 



463 



A charter was granted early in 1887. Land and other property 

 that had been before secured by the founder was transferred to 

 the board, and the erection of a central building was begun. 



In the spring of 18S8, G. Stanley Hall, then a professor at the 

 Johns Hopkins University, was invited to the presidency. The 

 official letter conveying this invitation contained the following well- 

 considered and significant expression of the spirit animating the 

 trustees : " They desire to impose on you no trammels ; they have 

 no friends for whom they wish to provide at the expense of the in- 

 terests of the institution, no pet theories to press upon you in dero- 

 gation of your judgment, no sectarian tests to apply, no guaranties 

 to require save such as are implied by your acceptance of this 

 trust. Their single desire is to fit men for the highest duties of 

 life, and, to that end, that this institution, in whatever branches of 

 sound learning it may find itself engaged, may be a leader and a 

 light." 



The president was at once granted one year's leave of absence, 

 with full salary, to visit universities in Europe. This year was 

 diligently improved, and a report of its work will be made later. 



The plans of the university have now so far progressed that 

 work will begin in October next, in mathematics, physics, chemis- 

 try, biology, and psychology. These departments are provisionally 

 arranged below in the order, not of prominence or completeness with 

 which they will be organized at the opening, but only in the order 

 of fulness with which announcements are now ready. 



The president of the university has been appointed temporary 

 professor of psychology, and will continue, so far as other engage- 

 ments will permit, to direct the work of this department as formerly 

 at the Johns Hopkins University. By instruction or seminaries, or 

 by careful personal conference and guidance to the best literature, 

 and with the aid of Dr. Sanford, attention will be directed to the 

 following topics : the general properties of the nervous sub- 

 stances ; the psycho-physiology of each of the special senses and 

 their defects ; the perception of time and space ; the time-sense ; 

 the psycho-physic law; mental images (morbid and normal) and 

 their associations ; the leading topics in the psychology of insanity, 

 especially aphasia, illusions and hallucinations, melancholia, neu- 

 rasthenia, epilepsy, hysteria, mania, and paralysis ; instinct ; the 

 psychology of language ; myth, custom, and belief anthropologi- 

 cally considered ; hypnotism, and the psychological side of the his- 

 tory of philosophy, especially the Greek, German, and English sys- 

 tems. Dr. Hall will also direct the work of a few students of Class 

 HI. (below) in the history, methods, and organization of education, 

 elementary, intermediate, and superior. On these topics he will 

 give a special course of lectures during a part of the year. 



Opportunities in psychology will be supplemented by work in 

 the biological department, and especially by that of Dr. Donaldson. 

 A well-equipped laboratory of apparatus for research in the various 

 departments of e.xperimental psychology will also be opened in 

 October. 



Opportunities for prompt publication of meritorious investiga- 

 tions, together with digests of current literature in this department, 

 will be found in The American Journal of Psychology, which is 

 published under the editorial care of Dr. Hall. 



Henry H. Donaldson has been appointed assistant professor of neu- 

 rology. Dr. Donaldson was graduated from Yale College in 1879. 

 After spending a year at the Sheffield Scientific School and another 

 at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, he 

 was appointed a fellow of Johns Hopkins University for two years, 

 receiving the degree of doctor of philosophy there in 1SS5. A year 

 and a half was then spent in Europe, chiefly with Professors Gud- 

 den at Munich, Forel at Zurich, and Golgi at Turin, and on return- 

 ing he was appointed associate in psychology in the Johns Hopkins 

 University. 



Dr. Donaldson will give instruction in the finer anatomy of the 

 central nervous system in man, in the histology of the sense-organs 

 in the vertebrate series, and the localization of function in the 

 brain, together with such other topics as may serve to facilitate 

 study in these lines. 



Those desiring further information concerning leading works of 

 reference, or the equipment of the laboratory, can address Dr. 

 Donaldson during the summer at Worcester. 



Edmund Clark Sanford, who has been appointed instructor in psy- 



chology, was graduated from the University of California in 1883. 

 He has since spent four years at the Johns Hopkins University, 

 where he was appointed fellow in psychology in 1887, and received 

 the degree of doctor of philosophy the following year. The past 

 academic year has been spent as instructor in the undergraduate 

 department of the Johns Hopkins University, and in editing, under 

 Dr. Hall's supervision, The American Journal of Psychology. 



Dr. Sanford will give the two following special courses : First 

 half-year, the physiological psychology of vision ; monocular vision, 

 color-perception, contrast, etc.; binocular vision, stereoscopy, and 

 the horopter ; perception of space, nativism, and empiricism. Chief 

 authorities, Helmholtz, Hering, Wundt. The aim will be to de- 

 monstrate all the important experiments mentioned in the course, 

 with suitable apparatus. Second half-year, the application of time- 

 measurements to psychology, simple and complicated re-action 

 times, personal equation, association times, and time-sense. 



Dr. Sanford will also assist Professor Hall in the work of in- 

 struction and in the direction of the psycho-physic laboratory, 

 seminary, etc. It is hoped that fuller opportunities for the study 

 of historical philosophy, fogic, and ethics may eventually be of- 

 fered. 



The work of the psychological department is intended for the 

 following classes of students : those who desire to teach philosophy 

 in any or all of its departments ; physicians or medical students 

 who wish to become specialists in the treatment of insanity or of 

 diseases with nervous complications ; those who desire to study 

 education professionally, and who are advised to give most of their 

 energy to psychology, which is its chief scientific basis, pedagogy 

 being a field of applied psychology. 



Some of the special topics into which the work above naturally 

 falls can be attended as a special course lay students of other de- 

 partments. Thus students of biology or pathology may follow the 

 histological course of Dr. Donaldson ; students of classics may fol- 

 low the course in Greek philosophy ; of morphology, the lectures 

 on instinct ; of astronomy, the lectures on re-action time and the 

 personal equation. 



In the department of biology, Warren P. Lombard was appointed 

 assistant professor of physiology in August, 1888. Dr. Lombard was 

 graduated from Harvard College in 1878, and from Harvard Medi- 

 cal School in 18S1. In 1881-82 he was prosector and lecturer in 

 the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, and for 

 the next three years, 1S82-85, attended lectures and was engaged 

 in research work in Germany, chiefly in the laboratory of Professor 

 Ludwig in Leipzig. The next three years were devoted to research 

 and to the duties of lecturer and assistant in physiology at the Col- 

 lege of Physicians and Surgeons, and elsewhere. The present 

 year is being spent in the laboratories of Professors Dastre and 

 Darsonval of Paris, Professor Mosso of Turin, and elsewhere. 

 Work in this department will be conducted with the aid of lectures, 

 laboratory, conferences, etc., and will cover the physiology of di- 

 gestion, secretion, respiration, circulation, the nerves, muscles, and 

 senses. The laboratory will be well furnished with instruments 

 and other appliances for investigation in each of these special 

 fields. 



F. Mall has been appointed adjunct professor of anatomy. Dr. 

 Mall was graduated from the University of Michigan in 1883, where 

 he received the degree of M.D. He studied one year with Professor 

 Kuhne at Heidelberg, and two years with Professors Weigert, His, 

 and Ludwig in the University of Leipzig. Since 1886 he has been 

 successively fellow, instructor, and associate in pathology, in the 

 Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Mall will offer two courses, — one 

 in histology, and one in vertebrate embryology. 



Albert A. Michelson has been appointed acting professor of 

 physics. Dr. Michelson was graduated at the United States Naval 

 Academy in 1873, where he afterwards served as instructor in 

 physics and chemistry for four years. He was later attached to 

 the Nautical Almanac Office in Washington. For two years, be- 

 ginning in 18S0, he worketl in Europe under Helmholtz, Quincke, 

 Mascart, and Corun. On returning, he resigned his commission of 

 master (now called lieutenant) in the navy, and became professor 

 of physics in the Case School of Science, Cleveland, O., where he 

 has since remained. In 1S8S he was awarded the Rumford 

 medafs for his researches on the velocity of light. Dr. Michelson 



