ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 665 



tlie origin, internal growth, and development of the other endogenous 

 memhers, the general conclusions being that in Phanerogams the 

 rootlets, lateral roots, and terminal roots or buds all originate in the 

 pericycle, while in Vascular Cryjitogams they originate in the 

 eudoderm. 



Composition of the Tubercles of Stachys tuberifera* — M. A. Planta 

 states that the tubercles formed on the swollen internodes of the subter- 

 ranean branches of Stachys tuberifera are peculiarly interesting on account 

 of their chemical compoi^ition. The following is the analysis: — 



100-00 100-00 



The tubercles contain therefore 21-67 per cent, of dry substance, the 

 most important being the carbohydrates, the principal of which is a 

 new substance, intermediate between starch and sugar, which he calls 

 galactane. 



Origin of the Haustoria in Parasitic Phanerogams.f — M. Granel 



states that in none of the p)arasitic Phanerogams which he has studied 

 does the piliferous layer contribute to the formation of the haustorium, 

 but that this organ originates more deeply in the cortical parenchyme. 

 The tissues thus formed join themselves more or less slowly to the 

 endoderm and to the pericycle, which in their turn divide in order to 

 attach the central cylinder to the vascular structures of the haustorium. 

 In stem-parasites (Cuscuta^ the progress of the development is just the 

 same. The morphological nature of these haustoria has been much 

 discussed, and for long they were grouped with lateral roots or rootlets. 

 The author, however, states that their origin is totally different. They 

 are from the first extgenous formations, and afterwards unite with 

 structures proceeding from the endoderm and pericycle. 



Criticizing this paper, M. Leclerc du Sablon | states that M. Granel 

 has studied, not the development of the haustoria, but certain definite 

 forms, which are presented in roots of various ages, of haustoria in which 

 the growth has been more or less abortive. 



Haustoria of Rhinanthacese.§ — Herr L. Koch has closely followed 

 out the germination and development of Bhinanthus minor. He finds 

 that the seeds germinate freely, but very slowly, and only in the spring. 

 If the seedlings do not encounter a suitable host-plant they soon perish, 

 unless a large number grow close together, when they put out a number 

 of haustoria into one another, and develope to the flowering stage, but 



* Rev. Gen. rle Bot. (Bonnier), i. (1889) pp. 8.5-7 (1 fig.), 

 t Journ. de Bot. (Morot), iii. (1889) pp. 149-53 (1 pi.). 

 X T. c, pp. 183-4. 



§ Jabrb. f. Wiss. Bot. (Pring.sheim), xx. (1889) pp. 1-37 (1 pi.). Of. this Journal. 

 1888, p. 80. 



1889. 3 A 



