ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 673 



The single central vascular bundle of the stem is also concentric, and 

 is inclosed in a bundle-sheath which is surrounded by a layer of brown 

 tissue similar to that of Tmesipteris, but less strongly developed. 

 Stomates are abundant on the stem. Each sporange contains a large 

 number of sj)ores. 



All attempts to rear the prothallium failed in both genera. 



Calamarieae.* — Herr D. Stur gives a detailed account of tlie 

 morphology of this group of Fossil Vascular Cryptogams, including 

 their roots, rhizome, true stem, branches, and leaves. They diifer from 

 the recent EquisetaccBB, to which they are otherwise nearly allied, chiefly 

 in the property of forming wood. The branches are also much more 

 polymorphic than those of living Equiseta. The Asterophyllitese and 

 Aunulariefe are homomorphic, the S[)henophylle8e heteromorphic 

 branches ; the homomorphic branches bore Bruckmannia-fmcti&cations 

 with microspores, the heteromorphic branches Fo^/cmawTim-fructifications 

 with megaspores. Twenty-four species are described in detail, arranged 

 under the genera Calamites, Asteropliyllites, Bruckmannia, Annularia, 

 Cingularia, Volkmannia, and Splienophijllum. 



Muscineae. 



Peristome.!— M. Philibert continues his studies on the peristome, 

 and now describes the differences between the Nematodontete and the 

 Arthrodoutete, and discusses certain groups which are transitional be- 

 tween these two. The Tetraphiduae closely resemble the Polytrichaceae. 

 One important difference, however, may be found in the peristomial 

 fibres; in the Polytrichacefe these fibres are perfectly simple and undi- 

 vided, and continue without interruption the whole length of the tooth, 

 while in the Tetraphidefe they only occupy a portion of the length of 

 the peristome. The author then points out how very different is the 

 structure in these two families to that found in the Arthrodonteae ; and 

 concludes by describing the two families Busbaumiaceas and Encalypteae, 

 which present an intermediate structure between the Nematodonteae and 

 the Arthrodonteae. 



Encali/pfa lougicolla and E. hrevicoUa are especially interesting to 

 study in order to determine the origin of the peristome. Tlie structure 

 of the peristome in these two sj)ecies nearly approaehes that in the 

 Arthrodonteas ; and in another species, E. apophysnta, we have a type 

 of peristiime which seems exactly intermediate between the ArthrodonteaB 

 and Nematodonteae. A gradual scale may be formed, beginning with 

 Tetrapliis, and passing first through Encalypta lougicolla, then through 

 the diverse forms of E. hrevicoUa and apophysata, and finally reaching 

 E.procera and E. streptocarpa, where the double peristome of the Arthro- 

 donteae is completely developed. 



Inflorescence of Orthotrichum.^ — Herr A. L. Groawall points out 

 that in various species of Orthotrichum, as, e. g. in 0. speciosum, three 

 different positions of the male inflorescence may occur in the same 

 species, viz. :— Axillary, pseudo-lateral (at the base of the fertile branch), 

 and terminal. 



* ' Die Calamariecn d. Carbonflora d. Schatzlarer-Schicliten,' Wien, 1SS7 (26 pis. 

 and 43 figs.). See Bot. Centralbl.. xxxviii. (1889) pp. 779 and 797. 



t Kev. Bryol., xvi. (188!)) pp. 1-9, 39~4i. Cf. this Journal, ante, p. 257. 



I Bot Ver. Lund, March 27, 1S88. Sue Bot. Centralbl., xxxviii. (1889) p. 759. 



