ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 733 



and refer to, inter alia, Tesseradoma magnirostris, the zoarinni of which is 

 covered by a thick epitheca, on which the only mark seen is the tubular 

 opening of the zooBcial pore ; when tlie epitheca is removed, the surface 

 is seen to be covered by large perforations, which, in old specimens, may 

 be filled in, or even become tubercular from the heaping up of calcareous 

 matter. Flosculipora pygmsea forms tufts about 1/12 in. high, and 

 resembles a microscopic bouquet of flowers ; it is attached to the 

 zooecia of Caienicella. Three species of a well-marked group, for which 

 the name of Craspedozoum is proposed, are described ; the genus is allied 

 to Flustra and Psiflustra. Rhabdozoum Wilsoni forms small phytoid, 

 branching tufts an inch or more in height. In addition to the radical 

 fibres, there are a few hollow chitinous rods which arise from the sides of 

 the shoots, are beautifully transparent, glassy, and strongly convoluted 

 towards the siimmit. 



Fresh-water Fauna of East Africa.* — Dr. A. F. Stuhlmann con- 

 tinues his account of the fresh-water fauna of East Africa. | He was much 

 interested by a species of Dero which he found in the sexual stage, when 

 the gills presented a different form to those of a-sexual individuals. A 

 new species of Aeolosoma with red oil-drops was observed. Two new 

 forms of leeches were seen, one of which was almost always ectoijarasitic 

 on AmpuUaria. Females of a species of Bhahditis were very common. 

 The fresh-water fauna of Quilimane does not differ essentially from that 

 of Zanzibar ; here again the greatest wealth of individuals was presented 

 by the Cypridae ; Copepods were rare, but a new species of Moina suddenly 

 appeared in enormous numbers in a Protopterus tank ; males did not 

 appear for ten days. Very large Ampullarias (Lanisies) were present 

 everywhere ; the tip of their shell is nearly always eaten off and covered 

 by a thick network of Algae, mud, and debris. Various species of 

 Leeches were observed ; of the Oligochaeta Dero was very common ; 

 Eudrilus, Digaster, allies of Titanus, and Acanthodribis were also seen. 

 In one case Conockilus volvox appeared in enormous quantities. The 

 author is certainly making many very interesting discoveries. 



Mollusca. 



French Malacology.^ — M. A. Locard has three contributions to our 

 knowledge of the Mollusca of France ; the first consists of a series of 

 scattered notices on various marine species ; the second is a monograph 

 of the species of the family Buccinidte ; about fifty species are recognized 

 as living on the French coasts, a few of which are now. In the third 

 memoir the species of the genus Pecten are described ; of these there 

 are about thirty-five known forms. The author discusses the characters 

 which seem to be of specific value. The relative position of the auricles, 

 and the presence or absence of the byssal sinus are good characters for 

 forming groups, but lose their importance when species are being dis- 

 criminated. 



Innervation of Osphradium of Mollusca. § — M. P. Pelseneer points 

 oiit that the osphradium appears to differ from other sensory organs in 

 not being innervated by the central ganglia ; it is further removed from 

 these than is the otocyst, and always seems to have relations with one 



* SB. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1889, pp. 645-60. + Ante, p. 494. 



X Ann. Soc. Linn, de Lyon, xxxii. (1886) pp. 191-263; xxxiii. (1887) pp. 17-127 

 (1 pi.) ; xxxiv. (1888) pp. 133-287. § Comptes Eendus, cix. (1889) pp. 533-4. 



