704 Transactions of the Society. 



in the restricted sense as defined here. Bovista differs in having the 

 capillitium springing from every part of the peridium, in the more com- 

 pact nature of the cortex, and in the entire absence of a sterile basal 

 stratum. The last-mentioned character, along with the thick corky 

 peridium, separates Scleroderma. Tulostoma differs in having the peri- 

 dium distinct from the stem, and Hijypojjerdon in the labyrinthiform 

 arrangement of the capillitium, which is adnate to the peridium on all 

 sides. 



A. Sterile hasal stratum well developed, cellular or compact. 



I. Spores globose, rough, purple, lilac, or various shades of brown. 



1. L, Hoylei, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1037. — Peridium stipitate, 

 subglobose, densely covered with long purple-brown stout spines, stem 

 stout, spinulose, inner substance bright olive, root of long white fibres. 

 Capillitium dense, thickest threads wider than diameter of spores, sparsely 

 branched, passing into the compact sterile portion ; spores bright Hlac, 

 globose, warted, 5 /x, often furnished with a long hyaline pedicel. 



Stem from 1/2 to 1 in. long, 3/4 in. thick ; peridium, 2 in. diam. 



Kesembling L. echinatum in general appearance, differing m the 

 presence of a stem, the colour and size of the spores, and in the very 

 compact non-cellular sterile stratum. 



England (Beading). Oct. 



2. L. echinatum, Pers. Symb. Myc, p. 36. — Peridium obovate, 

 covered with long stout purple-brown spines, between which are minute 

 mealy warts of the same colour, root consisting of long white fibres. 

 Capillitium purple-umber, dense, persistent, barren basal portion well 

 developed, cellular, pale ochre, threads about equal to diameter of spores, 

 much branched ; spores purple-umber, spherical, strongly warted, 6 fx 

 diam. — Pers. Syn., 147. L. gemmatum 7 echinatum, Fr. G-. M., iii. p. 37. 

 JJtraria echinata. Quel. Champ. Jur. et Vosg., ii. t. 3. Babenh. Krypt. 

 FL, figs. 1-2, p. 891. 



The spines are often curved, and when they have fallen away, the 

 peridium presents a tesselated appearance, due to the pale scars being 

 surrounded by the small persistent dark warts. 



From 1/2-1^ in. diam. In woods amongst leaves, generally solitary. 

 Autumn. Europe. 



It is doubtful what species Peck has in view under the name of 

 L. echinatum Pers., in U.S. Sp. Lycop., as he considers a distinguishing 

 feature to be the smooth surface of the peridium after the spines have 

 fallen off. It cannot be the true echinatum of Persoon. 



3. L. constellatum, Fr. Syst. Myc, iii. 39. — Subglobose, or sub- 

 turbiuate and tapering towards the base, peridium membranaceous, per- 

 sistent, clothed with stout, spreading reddish-brown spines ; between the 

 spines are minute warts of the same colour, which remain after the spines 

 fall off, and form a reticulated pattern. Capillitium lax, threads firm, 

 variable in thickness, branched, axils rounded, tapering, bright brown by 

 transmitted light, sterile base cellular; spores purple-brown, globose, 

 warted, sometimes stipitate, 5-6 fi diam. — L. umbrinum, Fl. Dan., mdcgc. 

 Peck, N.Y. Nat. Hist. Mus. Bot. Eeport (29th), pi. 2, f. 13-14. 



