ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 971 



probably preceded by a heteromorphoiis primary bell, and it is tbis wbicb be 

 regards as tbe bomologue of the pneumatopbore of the Physopboridae. In 

 other words : all Siphonophora have at the commencement of the trunk 

 a beteromorpboiis medusoid appendage, wbicb is after a time cast oif by 

 the Calycopboridas, while it persists in other Siphonophora as a pneuma- 

 topbore. 



New Scypbomedusge.* — Dr. W. Haacke gives an account of the Scypbo- 

 medus89 wbicb be collected and studied from the Gulf of St. Vincent. 

 (a) Charybdea (^Charyhdusa) rastonii n. sp. is esi^ecially interesting on account 

 of the structure of its sensory organs which differ somewhat from the 

 typical Charyhdea. (b) Cyanea muellericmthe n. sp., a southern representa- 

 tive of tbis beautiful genus, (c) MonorMza lisechelii n. g. et n. sp. forming 

 along with Lendenfeld's genus Pseudorhiza tbe important family of 

 Chaunostomidas. Altbougli both are certainly Ehizostomefe with eight arms, 

 it is peculiarly interesting that tbe Ehizostomatous condition is much re- 

 stricted, so that they appear rather like Semostomeas. In tbe genus described 

 tbe Ehizostomatous condition was in tbe dozen specimens observed always 

 restricted to one oral arm, which in contrast to the other seven exhibited 

 a large, long and thick, three-cornered, terminal knob. This arm was 

 always tbe left member of one of the four pairs. Young and adult sj)ecimens 

 exbibited the same condition. The interest of this as3mmetry is emphasized. 

 Of three species, both young and adult forms are described at length. 

 Tbe memoir concludes with a faunistic chapter, in which the author 

 discusses the geographical distribution. Tbere are three coloured 

 plates. 



Anatomy of the Madreporaria.f — Dr. G. H. Fowler, in bis third 

 memoir on tbe anatomy of tbe Madreporaria, deals with Turbinaria, Lopho- 

 Jielia, Seriatopora, and Pocillopora. Witb regard to the first of these, the 

 most important points that have been made out are that the polyps are of the 

 normal actinian type, and are bilateral but not rigidly bisymmetrical ; the 

 septa, and, possibly, the tentacles are entocoelic only ; the number of the 

 septa is inconstant and bears no relation to any multiple of six ; the 

 general body-wall of the colony is su])ported upon the ecbinulations of 

 the ccBuenchyme, but this may be a secondary arrangement, wbicb has been 

 acquired for the purpose of support, contemporaneously witb and in 

 consequence of the development of coenencbyme. 



The polyps of Lophohelia proUfera are of the normal actinian type, save 

 for the absence of directive mesenteries ; tbis is, as yet, unique ; its septa 

 and tentacles are both ectocoelic and entocoelic, and, again, the number of 

 septa are not necessarily a multiple of six ; in the skeleton three series of 

 centres of calcification are to be made out ; of these, one lies in the theca 

 itself ; while tbe other two are at the summits of the ectocoelic and ento- 

 coelic septa respectively. 



In Seriatopora the polyps are of the actinian type of structure ; the septa 

 are ecto- and entocoelic, and the body-wall is supported upon the ecbinulations 

 of tbe coenencbyme. The tentacles are remarkable for undergoing intro- 

 version, but no special musculature for eftecting tbe contraction could be 

 detected. Of tbe twelve mesenteries six are of some length, and six are 

 rudimentary. 



Pocillopora brevicornis closely resembles Seriatopora subulata in ana- 

 tomical structure, but the tendency towards tbe exclusive assumption of 



* Jenaische Zeitschr. f. Naturwias., xx. (1887) pp. 588-638 (3 pis.), 

 t Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., xxviii. (1887) pp. 1-19 (2 pis.). 



