ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 1003 



Lophiostoma.* — Herr F. Lehmann contributes an exhaustive mono- 

 graph of this genus, belonging to the Sphcnoiiacca?. Together with 

 Gh/jjliinm, Lophium, (iud Mytillinidion, it makes up the family Lophiostoraese. 

 The following is the diagnosis given by the author :— Pcrithecia car- 

 bonacea, globosa v. ellipsoitlea, ostiolis pro ratione magnis, labiato-dehis- 

 centibus v. poro rotundato pertusis instructa. Sporae fusiformes v. oblongse, 

 rarius ovatse, 2-12-cellulares, v. rarius muriformes, hyalinae v. fuscai. The 

 species are all epiphytic, more often on dead than on living plants, as many 

 as 15 species on Salix ; the other three genera of the fiimily are most com- 

 mon on Conifei's. In most species the only internal organs of reproduc- 

 tion are the asci ; in a few, sj^ermatia also have been found. In one 

 species only are pycnidia known, producing stylospores. 



The number of species at present known, and described in this mono- 

 graph, is sixty-eight, of which twenty-six are new. 



Phalloidei.f — Herr E. Fischer gives a monograph of the eleven known 

 genera and seventy-three species of Phalloidei, chiefly exotic. He divides 

 them first into two groups, the Phallei and Clathrei. The Phallei are 

 again divided into Phallei mitrati, composed of tlie two genera Dictyojjhora 

 and Itlujphallus (the latter including our native Phallus hnpiidicus), and the 

 Phallei capitati, also made up of two genera, Mutinus and Kalchhrenncra. 

 The Clathrei include seven genera not sharjily defined, viz. : — Simblum, 

 ClatJirus, Coins, L)jsurus, Anthurus, Calathiscus, and Aseroe. 



Peziza.J — This genus, now numbering about 370 known species, has 

 been split up into about lOU distinct genei'a. M. J. de Seynes proposes to 

 reunite them as sub-grouj^s of the old genns. Details are here given of the 

 structure of several species. 



P. tuherosa exhibits in its young mycelium the unusual phenomenon of 

 dichotomy. Its hyphae display one of the few examples among Ascomy- 

 cetes of a parasitism or symbiosis with the cells of an alga, probably 

 Ci/stococcus humicola. A diiference in the mode of absorbing the nutriment 

 from the host is exhibited, according as the parasitism belongs to the 

 hyphfe of the mycelium or of the " cupule." 



P. melastoma displays a peculiar mode of rejuvenescence in the cupule. 

 If this organ is cut through, the uninjured hyphfe elongate themselves over 

 the cut surface, and cover it with a young delicate tissue. 



Helotium Willkomini.§ — Dr. E. v. "Wettstein gives a description of 

 the geographical distribution of Peziza (Helotium) Willhommi, and the 

 injury caused by it on larches. He regards it as nearly allied to Helotium 

 calyciforme, forming a section of that genus, to which belong also H. Ahie- 

 tinum, Ellisianum, and chrysopJithalmum. 



Ptychogaster.|l — M. Boudier points out that the forms included under 

 the genus Ptychogaster are nothing but species of Pohjporus, in which there 

 is a large development of conidia in the interior of the tissue, which causes 

 the individual to become sterile. In this way he proposes for a conidial 

 form of Polyporus amorphis the name Ptychogaster citrinus ; Ptychogaster 

 albus is identified with Polyporus horealis or P. destructor, and Ptychogaster 



* Nova Acta K. Leop. Carol. Deutsch. Acad. Naturforsclier, 1. (1886) pp. 45-152 

 (6 pLs.). See Bot. Centralbl.. xxxi. (1887) p. 265. 



t Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iv. (1887). See Hedwigia, xxvi. (1887) p. 113. Cf. 

 this Journal, 1886, p. 833. 



I Seynes, J. de, ' Eecli. pour servir a I'hist. nat. des ve'ge'taux infe'rieurs,' iii., part 2, 

 Paris, 1886. See Bot. Centralbl., xxxi. (1887) p. 70. 



§ Bot. Centralbl , xxxi. (1887) pp. 285-7, 317-21. 



il Morot's Journ. de Bot., i. (1887) p. 7. 



