1006 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



or elliptical cells, single or in pairs, rarely in rows of 4-6, inclosed in simple, 

 distant, sharply-defined capsules. Besides H. Pneumonise, he regards Pleuro- 

 coccus Beigelii as a second species. Of Sarcina three new species are 

 described : S. paludosa in the water of sugar-factories, S. rosea in bogs, and 

 S. lutea. Bacterium termo the author regards, not as a distinct species, but 

 as the short-rod form of several filiform bacteria. Bacillus furnishes tbe 

 following new species : — B. sanguineus from bogs, B. Lacmus in greenhouses, 

 B. melleus on fseces, B. pallidus, brunneus, corruscans, and melanosporus on 

 potatoes, and B. fusiaporus in the water from sugar-factories. Under 

 Eubacteria a new genus (Gyst6bacter~) is described, consisting of short rods 

 imbedded in a gelatinous mass, afterwards connected into filaments. The 

 gelatinous mass divides into irregular lumps, which are afterwards inclosed 

 in solid horny envelopes. It comprises two species, C. fuscus on hare's dung, 

 and C erectus. 



The Chytridiacei are divided into three families, the Olpidiacei, Ehizi- 

 diacei, and Zygochytriacei. Belonging to the last is a new genus, 

 Urophlyctis, in which tlie zoosporangia are seated on the living cells of tbe 

 plant, and only the tufts of rhizoids remain imbedded in it ; the resting 

 sporangia are formed within the host by the conjugation of two similar cells. 

 To this genus belongs Physoderma pulposa Wallr. Several new species are 

 described, belonging to this family. 



The order Zygomycetes comprises the Mucorinei and Entomophthorei, 

 the former being again divided into the Mucoracei, Chsetocladiacei, and 

 Piptocephalidei. The Mucoracei include the Mucorei (^Mucor, Phycomyces, 

 Sporodinia, Thamnidium), Pilobolei (Pilaira, Piloholus), and Mortierellei 

 (^Herpocladium, n. gen., Mortierella). The Chsetocladiacei comprise the 

 single genus Chsetocladium ; the Piptocephalidei the three genera, Pipto- 

 cephalis, SyncepJialis, and Syncephalastrum, n. gen. Under Entomophthorei 

 are included Empusa, Entomophthora, Tarichium, Conidioholus, and Basi- 

 dioholus. 



The new genera are thus characterized. — Herpocladium : — The twining 

 uniformly thick sporangiophores develope, at the apices of the uniformly thick 

 lateral branches, globular sporangia without a columella. The only species 

 (fl. circinans) was found on hare's dung. Syncephalastrum : — The capitulate 

 sporangiophores, produced at the apices of branches, are densely covered 

 with cylindrical sporangia, in which the spores are found in rows. The 

 only species (^S. racemosum) was found among Aspergillus Oryzse on rice and 

 bread. 



The Oomycetes are divided into Ancylistacei (Myzocytium, Lagenidium), 

 Peronosporacei (PytMum, Cystopus, Phytophthora, Sclerospora, Plasmopora, 

 Bremia, Peronospora), and Saprolegniacei (Leptomiius, Saprolegnia, Achlya, 

 ApJianomyces^. 



Rabenhorst's Cryptogamic Flora of Germany (Fungi). — Parts 27 and 

 28 of this work are now published, elaborated by Dr. G. Winter, whose 

 services to the publication are now lost by his death. In Part 27 the review 

 of the suborder Sphteriaceee is completed with the genus Xylaria (twelve 

 species) and its allies, and to it is appended a very useful clavis of the genera. 

 This is followed by a description of the species belonging to the small 

 suborder Dothideaceee, completing the Pyrenomycetes. In Part 28 the 

 Hysteriacese are commenced with a general account of the order, with its 

 families, Hysterineas, Hypodermieae, and Dichsenacete (seventy-three species 

 in all). This part finishes with a general description of the fourth order, 

 Discomycetes, divided into the orders Pezizacese and Helvellaceae, and of 

 the suborder Phacidiaceae. 



