Ringworm Fungus. By M. Morris & O. C. Henderson. 335 



ammonia, phosphate of potash and soda, phosphate of Hme, sulphate 

 of quinine, sulj)hate of magnesia, and glycerine alone or variously 

 combined and frequently with the addition of organic acids, 

 especially citric. These substances had been sterilized, with the 

 exception of albumen, by being kept in a powdered state for a long 

 time in absolute alcohol. Albumen was used only after its freedom 

 from fungi had been ascertained by some days' observation. 



" The results of my experiments confirm the clinical observation 

 of Hebra as to the origin of Herpes tonsurans and Favus from one 

 organism, viz. Penicillium. In some cases I also demonstrated 

 Triehofhecium as the cause, but never succeeded in obtaining 

 Aspergillus.'" 



Neumann's results were obtained after cultivations extending 

 over weeks and months. 



Grawitz * took great precaution to sterilize his slides and all the 

 apparatus used after the manner of Brefeld, that is by boiling or 

 heating to redness. One or two drops of the medium were 

 placed on a slide mixed with the spores to be grown, and covered 

 with a watch-glass to keep oif dust and foreign spores. These 

 preparations were placed on a stand under a bell-glass. 



The medium used was gelatine dissolved in sufficient boiling 

 distilled water to form when cool a trembling jelly, and slightly 

 acidulated with lactic or citric acid, to check development of bac- 

 teria. He also used an acid solution of meat extract. 



He noticed germination of spores and formation of branched 

 filaments from them, but as will be seen from his figures, the sub- 

 sequent mode of growth difiered in the three experiments in which 

 the fungus came from different sources. 



Atkinsonf used cell-cultivation. A glass ring fastened with 

 Canada balsam on a slide formed the cell, at the bottom of which a 

 drop of distilled water was placed to secure moisture. A small 

 quantity of the nutrient material with the fungus sown in it was 

 placed on a cover-glass, this was inverted to form the roof of the 

 cell and kept in position with oil. The oil, water, and nutrient 

 fluid were sterihzed by boiling, and the cell and cover-glass were 

 made scrupulously clean. 



Pasteur's fluid, with or without sugar, decoction of horse-dung, 

 aqueous humour, gelatine, currant jelly, and meat infusion, were 

 used, but orange juice seemed to be the most suitable. 



In the majority of cases the cell remained quiescent. When 

 successful, growth begins in 24 to 36 hours, or several days. The 

 spores swell, but form filaments, which spring medusa-like from the 

 hair, branch, form septa (third day), and become bulbous at the ends 

 and throw ofl" short sporangium-bearing hyphae. On the fifth day 



* Virchow's Archiv, Isx. (1877). 

 t New York Medical Journal, 1878. 



