ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 



If 



421 



leiter and Mikulicz's Gastroscopes. — J. 



Leiter * has devised a great variety of instruments 

 intended for inspecting various more or less inac- 

 cessible parts of the body, including the mouth, 

 larynx, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, urethra, 

 bladder, vagina, rectum, ear, nasal fossae, &c. They 

 all agree in providing for the introduction of a 

 small electric light into the cavity to be examined, 

 ■with, a special provision for preventing any incon- 

 venience from heat by the circulation of a stream of 

 water — a plan originally suggested by Dr. Bruck. 



Most of the instruments also provide for the 

 introduction of an objective, which forms an image 

 of the part examined, the image being received by 

 an eye-piece either direct or, where necessary, after 

 being diverted in the proper direction through 

 prisms. 



Leiter's original gastroscope in particular was a 

 marvel of ingenuity in the various arrangements for 

 allowing the walls of the stomach to be illuminated 

 and examined by the aid of lenses, but has apparently 

 been found too complicated for practical use, and 

 a simplified form is described by Dr. J. Mikulicz f 

 (with a great elaboration of detail on all points), 

 which has been devised by him in collaboration 

 with Herr Leiter. 



The tube A (fig. 70) is 65 cm. long and 14 mm. 

 thick, and is bent at F at an angle of 150°. At B is 

 the platinum wire for the electric light covered 

 with a glass plate and connected, by wires running 

 up the tube, with the key C and a Bunsen battery. 

 Two water-tubes also run up the main tube, their 

 ends being shown at D, a constant stream of water 

 being maintained during the observation so as to 

 prevent the lower end of the tube becoming heated. 

 There is an additional tube for pumping water into 



* Leiter, J., ' Elektro-Endosko- 

 pische Instrumente. Besclireibung 

 und Instruction zur Handhabung 

 der von Dr. M. Nitze und J. Leiter 

 construirten Instrumente und Appa- 

 rate zur direkten Beleuchtung 

 menschlicher Korperhohlen durch 

 elektrisches Gluhliclit.' 65 pp. and 

 82 figs., 4to, Wien, 1880. Cf. also 

 Engl. Mech., xxxiii. (1881) pp. 27-8 

 (9 figs.). 



t Mikulicz, J., 'Ueber Gastro- 

 skopie und Oesophagoskopie.' (Sep. 

 Kepr. from ' Wiener Medizinischen 

 Presse,' 1881.) 32 pp. (3 figs.) 8vo, 

 Wien, 1881. 



'J.' 



Fig. 70. 



