134 j:rMMA.KY OF CURREN'T RESK\ROHES RELXTIXO TO 



gelatin and forming a comj^vaot sphoricAl mas-'^. When not in contact with 

 air, the ciilony remains as small i>oints, forming a slight oiva^jue turbidity, 

 which increases till it unites and the whole of the gelatin is dissolved 

 internally. 



2. In a pure culture^ in a tube contsaiuing gelatin and malB?e floor 

 digest<\l with diastase, the colony assume*! a funnel-like form, at the fijot 

 of which there is always a nucleus of white substance. 



3. The form of Ba^ferivm maydis is not constaut. The long bacillar 

 type, 3 fi long by I /m broad, segments into much smaller elements, like 

 true bacteria, and resembling grains of rice, which finally divide int<> still 

 minuter pieces, like micivxjocci, only more elliptical. The nuclei of spores 

 were observed. 



'" Foul-broad " of Bees.* — Dr. Ciesielski descTil>eis the mode in which ihis 

 dise-iise is causevl by the newly discovereii Bacilh.s Pre^tmi. It develoj^es 

 in the intestinal ciinal of the larva, destroying the eutire Kxly by its rsipid 

 increase. In each bacillus are formed four sjxires towards the end of its 

 development^ which germinate only within the bee, and develoix; a^iu into 

 the bacillus. 



Intestinal Bacteria-t — Herr T. Escherich proposes to include auder 

 the term HeJicAxicierhm, all forms characterized by the absence of endo- 

 genous spores, the power of swarming, the transformation, under certain 

 conditions, of filamentous, short-rod, and coccus forms, into spiral and 

 zoogliea-forms, the excretion of a ferment which dissolves solid albumen 

 and civ^gulates the casein of milk, and which occxir on animal nutrient 

 substAuces and in the intestinal canal. The groiip would include Hausser's 

 Proteus rnljaris. Kurth's Ba-cJerhim Zopjii, and a microbe found by the 

 author in the contents of the iutostiucs. 



This organism was met vrith in the intestinal c-anal of guinea-pigs, on 

 im}>erfectly sterilized fibrin, and in the intestines of a dog fed on meat, Chi 

 a gelatin-plate it apjx'ared as a delicate pellicular colony from which a 

 number of beautifully coile<l spirals i>e.netrateil the gelatin. On a i\ew 

 plate the surface was, after twenty-four hours, coveivnl with dry scaleis, 

 while within the gelatin were much-branched and coile^l Cv^lonics. Under 

 the Microscoi>e, ivtinted or fusiform zoogloja-colonies were seen t» pr^xvcnl 

 fn^m round yellovrish lulls, often nnining out into long beautiful spirals. 

 This i>eculiar apix>Arance arises in the following way. 



Frt>m an interior spherical colony springs a delicate, at first only 

 slightly ooikxi, thread, which becomes coik\l from the thread growing more 

 rapidly than its aj>ex i>enetratos into the gelatin. I>ense agglomerations «ur>e 

 formed, esix^cially at the jvirts ncAr the ix^int of exit ; and these coalesce into 

 mouiliform expansions, and develope into the coiled and fusiforn\ a:i>^ghx»- 

 colonies. By the rapid development of these formations the sul^sfcance of 

 the gelatin becomes coveretl by a branchenl svstem of z<>^-laxa-colonies, 

 connected by countless anastont.^se^. Between the meshes of this network 

 are numer^ms groups of swarming l^eilli, spirulina?, and coiled threads. 

 The movement of the bacilli is not so active as that of ProieV'S rul^^aris. 



The colourovl cover-glass prejuration shows roundish or elliptical forms 

 grouped in various \^^lys. They are usually combinctl into diphvooci, 

 though also in tetrals, small groups, or chains. The round forms have » 

 diameter of not quite 1 /x ; they are stained uniformly and intensely by 

 auilin. The Etwgloia -colonies are composed either of large cylindrical 

 bacilli, • 9 ;ui broad and 3-10 /* long, or of long j'varallel filaments, soiuc of 



• In Polish, 1SS4. See BoU OMitrslW.. xxvii. (ISSt!) p. 346. 



t Miinch. Med. Wocbensdir.. xxxiii, (IStXJ). S** liot OentralU., xxvii. <ISS6) iv 225*. 



