ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY^ MIOKOSCOPYj ETC. 351 



The biological importance of these observations will furthermore be 

 evident to all intelligent minds. There must have passed under the eyes of 

 Dr. Dallinger, during his watch, something like half a million generations 

 of the minute organisms. His augmentation of temperature had mean- 

 while represented the sudden changes which may have come upon earth- 

 life, while his pauses answered to those periods of steadfast conditions 

 which must have intervened, and given to living things leisure to accom- 

 modate their organs to new circumstances. Thus the ages of our planet's 

 history were condensed, so to speak, under the vigilant eye-piece of the 

 Doctor's Microscope, and these seven or eight years of observation furnished 

 an epitome of the earth's entire existence. They proved to demonstration 

 in these low forms what we can only guess at with regard to the higher 

 plants and animals. Darwin constantly insisted upon the slowness of the 

 process of adaptation, and, if we should seek to transpose the advances and 

 the pauses of these seven or eight years into terms proportionate for higher 

 orders of life, the figures would become truly prodigious. Yet no change 

 from sea to land, or from icebergs to tropical forests, could be relatively 

 greater than that triumphantly borne by these infusoria. And, if it be 

 objected that they are of an organism too degraded and too primitive to 

 bear any practical relation to the highest grades of life, the answer is 

 obvious and convincing. Those higher species, whether plants or animals, 

 are mainly built up of vast aggregations of cells ; and these cells, though 

 differently endowed in different parts of the frame, are very like the monads 

 in many respects. Thus the patient experiment has, in truth, a clear and 

 most valuable bearing upon the problem of gradual evolution in all its 

 stages and illustrations, and light is cast upon the grandest operations of 

 Nature by the way in which these tiny mere dots of protoplasm ' live and 

 move and have their being.' Nor could better proof be wanted of the way 

 in which the infinitely little illuminates, as we have said, and explains the 

 infinitely great." 



BoTJDiEE, E. — Considerations generales et pratiques sur I'etude microscopique des 



Champignons. (General and practical considerations on the microscopic study of 



fungi.) Rev. My col., VIII. (1886) pp. 215-8. 



CoLE,°A. C— Studies in Microscopical Science. Vol. IV. Sees. I.-IV. No. 7 (each 



4 pp.). 



Sec. I. Botanical Histology. No. 7. Studies in Vegetable Physiology. VII. 



Haustoria. (Plate VII. Dodder in parasitic connection with clover.) 

 Sec. II. Animal Histology. No. 7. The Ovary and Ova in Birds. (Plate VII, 



Ovary of Bird x 50.) 

 Sec. III. Pathological Histology. No. 7. Fatty Degeneration of Kidney (Phos- 

 phorus poisoning). Waxy disease. (Plate VII. Fibroiis of Kidney.) 

 Sec. IV. Popular Microscopical Studies. No. 7. Microbes. (Plate VII. 

 Microbes.) 

 Jennings, C. G. — The Microscopic Examination of Urinary Deposits. 



The Microscope, VII. (1887) pp. 9-10. 



Kastschenko, N. — Methode zur genauen Reconstruction kleinerer makroskopischer 



Gegenstande. (Method for the exact reconstruction of small macroscopic objects.) 



[^Posf] Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol. (Anat. Abtheil.) 1886, pp. 388-93 (1 pi.). 



Long, E. — ^Die Trichine. Eine Anleitung zur Fleischschau. (The Trichina. A guide 



to the inspection of meat.) iv. and 31 pp., 20 figs., 8vo, Berlin, 1886. 



Pelletan, J. — Eevue. (Eeview.) 



[Kemarks on the progress of microscopical technique and " diatomologie " in 1886.] 



Jourii. de Microgr., XI. (1887) pp. 2-4. 

 Pennetiee, G. — Technique microscopique. Eecherche de la farine de hie dans le 

 chocolat. (Microscopical Technique. Search for flour in chocolate.) 



Journ. de Microgr., XL (1 887) pp. 35-7. 

 K AFTER, G. "W. — On the use of the Microscope in determining the sanitary value of 

 potable v?ater, with special reference to the biology of the water of Hemlock Lake.] 



Proc. Rochester {N.Y.) Aco.d. Sci., 1886, 25 pp., 3 pis. 



