ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC, 395 



side unite, in the Cypiidae, at the vas deferens ; the so-called fifth or sub- 

 sidiary testicular tube is only a csecal appendage of the vas deferens which 

 serves as a kind of reservoir for the spermatozoa ; the vas deferens traverses 

 the mucous gland or ejaculatory apparatus, and its caecal appendage is not 

 formed till a relatively late period in development. In quite young animals 

 the testicular tubes only contain a syncytium and large cells; later on 

 small cells, spindle-shaped cells, and finally spermatozoa appear. The 

 whole of the vas deferens, inclusive of the ejaculatory apparatus, is gradually 

 difierentiated from a single homogeneous tubular mass. The nuclei of the 

 syncytium at the tip of the tubes becomes the vesicular nuclei of the large 

 cells ; these divide several times, and more often in Cyprois than in Cypris 

 punctata. The nucleus of the small cell formed by division is spindle- 

 shaped. In Cyprois it appears as if several spindle-shaped cells remain 

 connected together. The nucleus becomes the central filament of the 

 spermatozoa, in the formation of which only one nucleus takes part. In the 

 glandular portion of the tube the spermatozoon increases in thickness and 

 the central filaments become invisible. Owing to the movement of a spiral 

 fringe the spermatozoon gradually passes into the upper portion of the vas 

 deferens, and finally surrounds itself with a hyaline envelope ; it is now 

 ready to pass out, but is still almost immobile ; the power of movement is 

 only obtained in the receptaculum semiuis of the female, where the hyaline 

 envelope becomes striated. 



Parasitic Copepoda.* — Mr. E. Eathbun describes various species of 

 the genera Pandarus and Chondracanthus ; he commences with a detailed 

 description of P. sinuatus, which is only known from the imperfect account 

 given of it by Say in 1817 ; P. Smithii is a new and large species, resem- 

 bling in appearance rather P. CrancJiii than P. sinuatus ; three now 

 species of Chondracanthus are described ; C. galeritus is often found in the 

 mouth of the common flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), and appears to 

 correspond more nearly with the European G. cornutus than with any 

 described species ; C phycidis, from the gills of the common hake {Phycis 

 tenuis), has the anterior antennae small and the thoracic appendages stout; 

 G. cotluncuU was found in the gill-cavity of two species of Cottunculus. 

 The author confines himself to describing these species, and offers no 

 remarks of more general interest. 



New Lernsean.'f — Prof. C. Claus describes Lernseascus nematoxys, a 

 hitherto unknown Lerngean ; it lives beneath the scales, especially of the 

 pigmented side, of Solea monochir, is 8-10 mm. long, and has the apj^ear- 

 ance to the naked eye of a small Nematode. The anterior end is recog- 

 nizable by the insertion of the antennae, and the hinder by the two furcal 

 processes; the abdomen is only 1 mm. long. The prehensile antennae 

 terminate in strong hooks ; the tripartite entomostracal eye is perfectly 

 retained. The mouth-organs consist of a sucking proboscis armed with 

 two reversed booklets and of two powerful maxillipedes ; the mandibles 

 are aborted, and the maxillae are represented by stylet bristles placed out- 

 side the proboscis. Three pairs of limbs, consisting of minute feet, 

 originate far apart; the first two are still biramose, but the third are 

 simple wartlike tubercles furnished with two setae. A character acquired 

 by adaptation and quite peculiar to the genus is the presence of about 

 fifty pairs of dorsal and a similar number of ventral scale-like finely 

 striated elevations which extend over the whole of the thorax, and are of 



* Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1886, pp. 310-24 (7 pis.). 



t Anzeiy:. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1886, p. 231. Cf. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., xis. 

 (1887) pp. 241-2. 



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