July 8, 1898.] 



SCIENCE. 



39 



Transportation — marine. The history of 

 water transportation is epitomized in four 

 of its leading lines of elaboration : 1. The 

 hull, beginning with the log raft and end- 

 ing with the magnificent substructure of 

 the modern ship (represented by models). 

 2. Hand propulsion — the pole, the paddle 

 and the oar (in part models) . 3. The pad- 

 dle wheel (models) ; and 4. The screw pro- 

 peller (models). 



Transportation — land. Land transporta- 

 tion is shown in six series (models) : 1. The 

 burden bearer, man and beast. 2. The slid- 

 ing load. 3. The rolling load. 4. The 

 wheeled vehicle. 5. The steam locomotive ; 

 and 6. The railway track. 



The great group of elaborative activities 

 concerned in manufacture is illustrated by 

 four exhibits : the ceramic art, the textile 

 art, metal work and sculpture. 



Ceramic art. In this exhibit are included 

 four series: 1. Implements and devices 

 employed in manufacture — modeling tools, 

 decorating tools, stamps, molds and the 

 throwing wheel. 2. The vase, showing 

 progressive steps in shaping and decorating 

 and in the results of firing on paste and sur- 

 face finish. 3. Glass making in its relation 

 to ceramics ; and 4. Enamel. 



Textile art. Weaving is represented by 

 three series : 1. The spindle. 2. The 

 shuttle ; and 3. The loom, the latter illus- 

 trating in a remarkable manner the rapid 

 transition from primitive to highly de- 

 veloped appliances. 



Metal work. The history of this impor- 

 tant branch is partially presented in three 

 series. 1. Metal reduction. 2. Products 

 of manufacture showing progressive order 

 in. processes, forms and embellishments ; 

 and 3. Tools and appliances of manufacture. 



Sculpture. The stone-shaping arts begin 

 with the simplest known artificial modifica- 

 tions of natural forms, and advance to the 

 achievement of the highest ideals, as repre- 

 sented in Greek art. Four series are shown : 



1. Prehistoric stone shaping (Europe). 2. 

 Aboriginal American sculpture. 3. Sculp- 

 ture of civilized nations ; and 4. Imple- 

 ments used in stone shaping. Series 1, 2 

 and 3 are separated for the purpose of con- 

 trasting the work of distinct periods and 

 peoples. 



Photography. This art, the product of 

 advanced culture, is represented by three 

 series of objects, epitomizing the develop- 

 ment of: 1. The camera. 2. The lens ; 

 and 3. The picture. 



The book. A limited series of objects is 

 devoted to the histoi'y of the book ; the 

 method of assembling the several parts — 

 the tablets and sheets — being the feature 

 considered. 



Electricity. Electrical inventions, repre- 

 senting one of the youngest and most mar- 

 velous branches of human activity, are 

 shown in three limited series : 1. Experi- 

 mental apparatus (Henry). 2. Transmit- 

 ting apparatus (Morse and subsequent in-; 

 ventors) ; and 3. Eecording apparatus. 



Music. Four series are devoted to the 

 history of as many varieties of musical in- 

 struments : 1. Wind instruments. 2. Eeed 

 instruments. 3. Stringed instruments ; and 

 4. Percussion instruments. 



The system of arranging these series is 

 such as to make them fully intelligible to 

 the average museum or exposition visitor. 

 A large label or sign is framed and placed 

 ■ outside each case at the top ; a general 

 label for each exhibit, giving briefly the 

 history of the subject treated, is framed 

 and placed inside the case. Also a label 

 explaining each progressive series is placed 

 at the beginning of the series, and individ- 

 ual labels describing the specimens are 

 placed with the specimens. 



Associated with these developmental 

 series are a number of life-size figures, 

 modeled in plaster and appropriately cos- 

 tumed, intended to illustrate the practice 

 of the arts in their primitive stages. They 



