Dkckmbee 16, 1898.] 



SCIENCE. 



853 



the shore several species of Salpa occur in 

 abundance. 



Among the simple ascidians, Molgula may 

 ■be obtained in abundance from the wood- 

 work in the harbor of New Bedford, and I 

 think the eggs are ripe thi-oughout the 

 summer. Cynthia partita is apparently ripe 

 throughout the month of July, at which 

 time Dr. Bancroft also found ripe Ciona 

 intestinalis and Perophora viridis. 



Among the composite ascidians, Botryllus 

 ■gouldii was found breeding from the sixth to 

 the end of July, and almost all the older 

 colonies contained either large ova or em- 

 bryos. This species was not examined be- 

 fore the sixth, nor after the close of the 

 month. Though several colonies of ^?)ia?-cg- 

 cium stellatum were examined, no large eggs 

 or embryos were found during July, al- 

 though A. eonstellatum frequently had large 

 ■ova and embryos. 



Crustacea. — There are several Brachyu- 

 rans that carry eggs during the summer 

 months. Gelasimus minax, pugnax and pugi- 

 lator breed during the early parts of June, 

 and females with eggs occur as late as 

 July 2d, and perhaps later. Sesarma reticu- 

 lata I frequently have found with eggs, but 

 no specific data are at hand. Pinnixa cylin- 

 ■driea was found with eggs on July 13. 

 Pinnotheres maeulatus has been studied by 

 Mr. F. P. Grorham, who found that the 

 animals were very active at night, leaving 

 the seclusion of the mantle-chamber of the 

 mussel, and swimming and crawling about 

 in the water in a most restless manner. 

 On July 9 eggs in the earliest stages of 

 development were taken, and from then 

 until August 29 Mr. Gorham found all 

 stages, though at the latter date egg-bear- 

 ing females were relatively less abundant, 

 Panopceus was found with eggs on June 

 7, and gastrulation stages were found on 

 July 1. On July 8 all stages from four 

 cells to complete embryos were noted, and 

 ■on July 12 two females deposited eggs while 



in captivity. Caroinus granidatus was found 

 with eggs, in late stages, June 25. Platy- 

 onichus ocellatus carried late stages on July 

 3. Callinectes hastatus was found with ad- 

 vanced embryos on August 3. Libinia has 

 been seen to oviposit as late as August 7. 

 Pelia mutica bears beautiful transparent 

 eggs, which are in early embryonic stages 

 the first week in July. 



Among the Anomoura, Hippa talpoida 

 carries eggs in the latter part of June and 

 throughout the month of July. Mr. Gor- 

 ham found early embryos and free-swim- 

 ming young on August 9, 1896, and the 

 characteristic Zoea are conspicuous in the 

 skimmings throughout the month of Au- 

 gust, being most abundant on the 22. 

 Mr. M. T. Thompson found Euvaqurus longi- 

 carpus with eggs until the middle of Sep- 

 tember. E. annulipes was not brought to 

 the Laboratory before the early part of 

 September, but at that time the females had 

 eggs in varying stages of development. The 

 breeding habits of E. bernhardus and of E. 

 pollicaris were not noted, though the skim- 

 mings yielded an abundance of Zoea from 

 the first of August throughout the month, 

 and were probably present still earlier. 

 The ' Glaucothoe stage ' was first found on 

 the 12th of August, and was frequent there- 

 after throughout the month. 



Zoea of various species are conspicuous 

 in the surface material from the first week 

 in June, and Mr. S. E. Williams noted 

 that when they were abundant they seemed 

 to exclude ' Megalops ' and vice versa. 



Among the Macroura, Gebia affinis was 

 found with advanced eggs on July 25. 

 These hatched on August 7. Callianassa 

 stimpsoni was found with eggs on July 1, 

 and again on July 13. On the latter date 

 the eggs were in segmentation stages. 

 On July 18 other specimens bore ad- 

 vanced embryos which hatched on July 

 21. Dr. F. H. Herrick for several years 

 had the opportunity of examining many 



