TRANSACTIONS OF WAGNER 

 760 



TERTIARY FAUNA OF FLORIDA 



Spondylus longitiidinalis Lam., An. s. Vert., vi., p. 191, 1819 ; (Chemn., vii., p. Si, 



pi. 45, fig. 466 ;) Reeve, pi. 13, fig. 46, 1856. 

 Spondylus spatJiiilifcrus Lam., op. cit., p. 191 ; (Enc. Meth., pi. 191, figs. 4, 6, 7 ;) Dall, 



Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 37, p. 32, 1889. 

 Spondylus crassisqiiama Lam., op. cit., p. 191, ex parte. 

 Spondyhis araehnoides Lam., op. cit., p. 188. 

 Spondylus longispina Lam., op. cit., p. 189. 

 Spondylus avicularis Lam., op. cit., p. 190. 

 Spondylus gilvus 'R&e.ve, Conch. Icon., pi. 11, fig. 38, 1856. 

 Spondylus erinaccus Reeve, op. cit., fig. 39. 

 Spondylus ictericus Reeve, op. cit., fig. 40. 

 Spondyhcs ramosus Reeve, op. cit., pi. 14, fig. 51. 

 Spondylus inibutus Reeve, op. cit., pi. 15, fig. 55. 

 Sp07idylus tisttilatus 'R.etve, op. cit., pi. 16, fig. 58. 

 Spondylus vexillum Reeve, op. cit., pi. 16, fig. 59. 

 Spondylus mix Reeve, op. cit., pi. 18, fig. 64, 1856. 

 Spondylus digitatus Reeve, op. cit., fig. 68. 

 Spondylus echinatus Orbigny, Moll. Cuba, ii., p. 359, 1846. 

 Spondy hts folia-brassiccB Ovbigny, op. cit., p. 358, 1846. 



Fossil in the Pleistocene elevated reefs of the West Indian Islands and of 

 the continent from southeastern Florida to IJrazil ; and recent over the same 

 general region, extending as far north as Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. 



This species has the irregularities of sculpture due to, or usually asso- 

 ciated with, the sessile habit, and the mutations of color characteristic of 

 many PectinidjE. To these and to the exigencies of trade imposed by dealers 

 upon Reeve is due the multiplication of merely nominal species indicated in 

 the preceding synonymy. 



The normal or most ordinary type of sculpture comprises from four 

 to eight radial ridges from which project spines, either narrow and almost 

 pointed, or wide and crumpled or digitate, separated by wider interspaces with 

 smaller, sometimes spinulose, radii, to which is added a series of still finer 

 threads, chiefly indicated by rows of small, short scales. By the continuity 

 and regularity of the radial lines the species is separated from the otherwise 

 quite similar 5. gcederopiis Linne of the Mediterranean. Specimens which 

 have been cleaned with acid have usually lost the tertiary rows of minute 

 scales, but they seem to be absent naturally from some specimens which have 

 only two series of radials, the secondary ones but little spiny, and the spines 

 comparatively sparse, long, and narrow on the primary ribs. This type forms 

 the variety aviericamts. The sculpture on the fixed valve is more foliaceous 



