Ashburner.l 64:^ [March 18, 



Devonian Age.* 



IX. Catskill sandstone and shale (33) 335' 



VITI. Chemung shale and sandstone (34 to 43 incl.). . . 1050'+ 



Total 1385' 



Total of known rocks 2416' 



Lower Productive Goal Measures. 



This group, which is 335 feet thick at St. Mary's, contains only one coal 

 bed which has proved productive to any great extent. 



The rocks of interval No. 1 of the section form the top of the Patton 

 Hill and include the Freepokt sandstone and possibly the Freeport lime- 

 stone and Freeport Lower coal bed, although neither of the latter have been 

 discovered. Ten miles south-west of St. Mary's the Freeport limestone is 

 only 40 feet above the Kittanning Upper coal, and the Freeport Lower coal 

 is only 50 feet above the same bed ; at St. Mary's the top of the hill is 67 

 feet above the latter. The total absence of the Freeport coal and limestone 

 here, argues either a disappearance of the beds to the north-east or a con- 

 siderable thickening of the Freeport sandstQne in the same direction. 



The Kittanning Upper coal (stratum 2) is reported to have been found 

 in a well dug near Patton's house. This is the only place in the township 

 where it has been found. The bed is said to be 3 feet thick, but has never 

 been thoroughly tested. 



The Johnstoicn cement hed which occurs between the Kittanning Upper 

 and Middle coals has not been found ; it is, however, well defined in the 

 sections of Fox and Horton townships, to the south-west. 



The Kittanninnfs Middle coal (stratum 4), has been found on the Cascade 

 Mining Company's tract (Kaul and Hall). It is only 18 inches thick and 

 not workable. 



The Dagus or Kittanning Loioer bed (stratum 6), is the principal and most 

 important coal. It has been worked in the mines of the St. Mary's Coal 

 Company, Cascade mines, Tannerdale mines. Keystone mines and has been 

 opened and tested on a number of other properties. 



This bed is without doubt the same as that which is mined by the North- 

 western Mining and Exchange Company near Centerville, and which is 

 locally called "C " bed and the "Gas Vein," which has been opened by 

 Genl. Kane on the Roberts lot in Jones township. 



Objections. — Local geologists have always considered the St. Mary's bed 

 to be very much inferior to these two latter seams. This conclusion, although 

 unquestionably false, has been based upon three very significant facts : 



First. The St. Mary's bed is found at a very much lower level than either 

 the "Gas Vein " or the " C " bed at Centerville. 



Second. No limestone is found under the St. Mary's bed to correspond 



* The Devonian Age here is made to include the Catskill formation, in order 

 to agree with the accepted division of the Palseozoic Period in the Peuna. Sur- 

 vey reports. I beiieve, however, that the Catskill rocks are of Carboniferous 

 age. 



