1831,] o4»> [Ashburner. 



with that formed at Genl. Kane's quarry 40 feet under the "gas vein" or 

 40 feet below the " C " bed on Toby creek. 



Third. The St. Mary's bed is rustier in appearance and does not produce 

 as rich a coal as either the " gas vein " or "C " bed, at the same time the 

 floor and roof of the three beds differ materially in the three localities. 



Although these are pointed and pertinent objections against the indentity 

 of the three beds, I have not found any fticts to sustain them ; to the contrary, 

 the weight of evidence, when carefully considered, is directly in support of 

 the conclusion, which after four years of field work I have no hesitancy in 

 asserting, that the coal bed mined by the St. Mary's Coal Company, by the 

 North- Western Miningand Exchange Company and which has been opened 

 on the Roberts lot above the limestone, is in every case the representative 

 of the Lower Kittanning coal bed. 



Demonstration. — It is impossible to give as many facts to prove my 

 position in this paper as I shall present in the published volume of the 

 survey, but I think I can answer these objections in a way satisfactory 

 both to myself and reader. 



1. The following elevations above tide will show the relative heights of 

 the bed in the three localities : 



At St. Mary's it is 1775 feet. 



* Near Centerville it is 1835 " f 



On the Roberts lot it is 1975 " 



These three places are in three different and quite independent coal 

 basins, and it would be unnatural that there should be any fixed or definit-r 

 relationship existing between their heights. The Roberts lot is in the Fifth 

 Bituminous coal basin and this is separated by a high, broad anticlinal, 

 running in a north-east and north-west direction, east of Ridgway, from the 

 Fourth Basin in which St. Mary's and Centerville are located. The mines 

 at these two latter places are in different sub-divisions of one main synclinal. 



I think every one acquainted with the facts in the vicinity of St. Mary's 

 and Centerville, will recognize the fact that between the east and west 

 mines of the St. Mary's Coal Company there is a synclinal axis having a 

 north-east and south-west direction, and that the head waters of Toby 

 creek near the mine marks nearly the position of another synclinal axis ; 

 that these two axes are not continuations of one another would be evident 

 to any one studying the facts carefully on the ground. 



I am aware that this latter conclusion will be vigorously opposed, but I 

 believe it cannot be absolutely denied until move facts are brought forward 

 to oppose it, than I have to confirm it. 



3. In regard to the limestones it seems to be quite certain that the lime- 

 stones and shales composing an interval of 20 feet, 40 feet below the "gas 



* Head of Toby creek. The same coal is 1922 feet, ]4 mile north of the Center- 

 ville store. 



t On a profile just received from Mr. Oliver W. Barnes, the approximate eleva- 

 tion of the coal bed at the mine of the North-Westetn Mining and Exchange 

 Company is stated to be 1779 feet. The elevation here given (18:>3') is based upon 

 the elevation of the road at Centerville, in front of McCauley"s store, which, ac- 

 cording to Dr. C. R. Earley, is 1963 feet above tide. 



