1881.J 471 [Chase. 



90. Formulas for Gonversion of Energy. 



All forms of energy, mechanical, thermal, photic, electric, magnetic or 

 chemical, are derived from and can be compared with the maximum 



energy, -^77-. 

 

 a. All astronomical, barometric, or other mechanical estimates of solar 



m 

 mass and distance, involve the proportionality, g oc -p. 



/3. The arbitrary units of thermodynamics are based upon the work done 

 against the centripetal accelerations of terrestrial gravity. The unit of 

 acceleration at unit of distance, or the sum of accelerations in unit of time, 

 is proportioned to mass. Therefore, if we designate Earth's mass by m^, 

 we have If^ : m^ : : V^ : ^i,. 



Vg, or the velocity of light is, as we have seen, the velocity acquired 

 during the cyclical actions and reactions of solar condensation and fethereal 

 elasticity at Sun's surface ; tt.^ = .56558 miles, is the velocity acquired 

 during the cyclical actions and reactions of water-congelation and evapora- 

 tion at Earth's surface. Dividing by -|/180 for the Fahrenheit scale, or 

 by i/lOO for the Centigrade scale, we have the arbitrary units of velocitj', 

 .042156 miles for 1° F., or .056558 miles for lo C. The equation v=i/2gli 

 gives h = 773 ft. for 1° F. or 1389. 6 ft. = 424 meters for 1° C. Combining 

 these heights with the arbitrary u.nits of mass we have J = 772 ft. lb. for 

 the English thermal unit, and C = 424 kilogrammetres for the calorie or 

 French thermal unit. 



y. Thermal, mechanical and photodynamic energies may be compared 

 with energies of chemical combination through the ratio 



\ is Earth's mean distance from Sun, h^ is |- of f of the height to which 

 water- vapor would be thrown, against the retardation of gravitj', by the 

 combining energy of HjO (Note 16, etc.). 



d. Cosmical, electric and photodynamic energies may be compared by 

 means of the ratio 



Sun, 3Ig, is at the centre of nucleation in the solar system ; Earth, vi.^, at 

 the centre of condensation ; Jupiter, m^, at the nebular centre ; ^3, is 

 Earth's aphelion or "nascent" orbital velocity. 



£. The electrostatic, magnetic and electrokinetic units of energy can all 

 be derived from the above expression for Earth's photodynamic energy, 



TOjFo^ = ■ j,2 ; through the equations 



[6 E] == [m i2] = lpC:\ = -Tpf- 



The bracketed symbols represent, respectively, quantity of electricity ; 

 line integral of electromotive force, or electric potential ; quantity of free 



