TRANSACTIONS OF WAGNER 

 1574 



TERTIARY FAUNA OF FLORIDA 



Altogether about forty-four species, of which some ten are peculiar to this horizon, 

 while fourteen are common to it and to the Tampa limestone or the silex beds imme- 

 diately below it. Were all the species critically investigated this portion would probably 

 be largely increased. Most of the other species are as yet undetermined specifically, thus 

 showing that seven-tenths of the determined species are identical with those of the Tampa 

 limestone and silex beds. 



THE CHIPOLA BEDS. 



Marl containing Chipola fossils was first observed by Langdon at the base 

 of Alum Bluff in 1887. Mr. Burns, who had been sent by the writer to collect 

 from this bed in 1890, fortunately discovered on the Chipola River to the 

 westward outcrops of the same bed much more accessible and with the fossils 

 in much better preservation. At his suggestion the name which they have 

 borne ever since was adopted for these beds. They were noticed in Bulletin 

 84 of the United States Geological Survey, and after a personal exploration 

 of them by the writer and Mr. J. Stanley Brown, of the United States Geo- 

 logical Survey, in 1893, a more complete account was published in the Bulletin 

 of the Geological Society of America.* To this the reader is referred for 

 stratigraphic details. It should be added that Bailey's Ferry over the Chipola 

 River in 1890 is now succeeded by a good iron bridge built by the county, and 

 the locality may be recognized by this bridge. 



Subsequent collections greatly enriched the series of gastropods from the 

 Chipola marl after that portion of this Memoir treating of the gastropods had 

 been issued. The pelecypods have been studied as far as our material would 

 admit, but many of the gastropods still remain undetermined, which will ac- 

 count for the incomplete nomenclature of the gastropod part of the following 

 list. A few of the most remarkable have been figured and named on the plates 

 of the present volume. The fauna comprises three hundred and thirty-three 

 species, to which we may expect additions on further exploration. A species 

 of Orthaulax different from that found in St. Domingo or the Tampa Orth- 

 aulax bed, a rich development of the genus Marginella, a species of the group 

 of Oliva called by von Martens Omogymna, a species of Spheniopsis, hereto- 

 fore only known from the European Oligocene, these are among the interest- 

 ing features of the fauna. 



The group of species is distinctly subtropical, but less indicative of warm 

 seas than the Bowden marl of Jamaica, with which the Chipola beds have 

 sixteen species in common. Only one species is known to be found both in 



* Vol. v., pp. 147-170, 1894. " Old Miocene" is here used for Oligocene. 



