September 18, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



365 



coast. Considerable miuibers of both males 

 and females of a species undoubtedly new 

 were found in San Diego Bay. 



The tornaria described by me in 1893* 

 was taken this summer for the first time 

 since the original discovery. Only a few 

 specimens were secured at Santa Cataliua, 

 its first locality. This year it was abun- 

 dant during the whole period of our work. 

 Its habits and structural changes during 

 metamiirpliosis were consequently studied 

 to good advantage. Furthermore, Mr. 

 Davis found it a particularly interesting 

 subject for his studies on the flotation, 

 specific gravity and modes of locomotion 

 of pelagic animals. 



Nearly all the specimens taken were from 

 nets that had been down to from thirty- 

 five to ninety fathoms. Almost none oc- 

 curred in surface towings. In spite of 

 rather extensive experiments by both Mr. 

 Davis and myself to determine the influence 

 of light on the larva's movements, conclu- 

 sive results were not obtained. 



This tornaria is certainly closely related 

 to, if not identical with, the Bimini larva 

 figured by Morgan.f pi. I., fig. 12. In 

 addition to this tornaria an occasional 

 specimen of another species undoubtedly 

 new to science and quite distinct, was 

 found. This form is especially character- 

 ized by the possession of as higli as seven 

 pairs of branchial pockets before there are 

 other obvioiLs signs of metamoi-phosis. 



Of the pelagic tunicata, only the genus 

 Oikoplcura representing the Larvacea has 

 yet been taken on the coa.st of California. 

 Apparently two species of this genus oc- 

 curred rather abundantly in the tow 

 tliroughout the summer. The extreme sen- 

 sitiveness of these animals to removal from 



* ' On a New Balanoglossus Larva from the 

 Coast of California, etc.,' Zool. Am., XVH. .Jalirg., 

 1804, p. 24. 



+ ' The Development of Tornaria." Jouin. of 

 Morph., Vol. IX., p. 1. 



the sea itself is a striking phenomenon in 

 the ecology of pelagic organisms and richly 

 deserves investigation. 



But a single species of Doliolum was 

 taken, and that represented only by the 

 'nurse'; but this species is particularly in- 

 teresting, it being clearly the peculiar form 

 hitherto known onlj' from the specimens 

 taken by the Challenger and described by 

 Herdman in his report on the pelagic 

 timicata of the expedition. 



Of the seven or eight species of tialpa 

 now known from the California coast only 

 five were found during the summer; of 

 these, however, one was taken for the first 

 time, and is a new species. S. riuicinata- 

 fusiformis was by far the most abundant 

 species. 



Pyrosoma atlanticum var. tuberculosum 

 was taken in considerable nmnbers, and is 

 the first record of a member of this genus 

 on our coa.st so far as our collecting is con- 

 cerned. 



Owing to the little dredging and trawling 

 and shore collecting that were done, only 

 about fifteen species of sedentary ascidians 

 were obtained. The great abundance of 

 Ciona intestinalis on the floats and piles of 

 the laboratory is worthy of mention as 

 showing the ease with which this species 

 may be obtained in unlimited quantity for 

 experimental or morphological studies. 



A wealth of life representing other sub- 

 divisions (if the animal kingdom came to 

 the laboratory, but, owing to a lack of 

 workers, could only be admiringly looked 

 at and p^it into preserving fluids to await 

 attention in the future. 



^fention .shoiild be made of the fact that 

 tlio species of Gonyaiilax which appeared 

 in such enormous numbers in the summer 

 of 1901,* occurred at San Diego this year 



* H. B. Torrey. ' An Unusual Occurrence of 

 Dinoflagelata on the California Coast,' Amer. 

 \atiirali.it. Vol. 36, March. 1902. Also W. E. 

 Ritter. 'A Summer's Dredging on the Coast of 

 Southern California,' Science. .Tan\iary 10, 1902. 



