558 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVIII. No. 461. 



finish, that is seldom found in connection with 

 such papers. The author has himself studied 

 the orthoptera of his state in the field, during 

 the last twenty years, and many of the state- 

 ments given relative to habits have come first 

 hand fresh from the observer. The student 

 of geographical distribution will find much of 

 interest, while even those not especially in- 

 terested in the technical descriptions will cer- 

 tainly not fail to appreciate the copious notes 

 on habits, abundance, etc., etc., but it will 

 be of the greatest value to those who make 

 a specialty of the orthoptera. 



F. M. Webster. 

 Urbana, Iixikois, 

 September 30, 1903. 



SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS AND ARTICLES. 



The closing (October) number of volume 

 4 of the Transactions of the American Mathe- 

 matical Society contains the following papers : 

 ' On the subgroups of order a power of p in 

 the quaternary abelian group in the Galois 

 field of order p"/ by L. E. Dickson ; ' On the 

 order of linear homogeneous groups,' by H. 

 P. Blichf eldt ; ' Non-abelian groups in which 

 every, subgroup is abelian,' by G. A. Miller and 

 H. C. Moreno ; ' On nilpotent algebras,' by 

 J. B. Shaw ; ' On solutions of differential 

 equations which possess an oscillation theorem,' 

 by Helen A. Merrill ; ' On the reducibility of 

 linear groups,' by L. E. Dickson ; ' Semire- 

 ducible hypercomplex number systems,' by S. 

 Epsteen; 'A symbolic treatment of the theory 

 of invariants of quadratic differential quan- 

 tics of n variables,' by H. Masehke ; ' Con- 

 gruences of curves,' by L. P. Eisenhart; 

 ' Similar conies through three points,' by T. J. 

 I'a Bromwieh. 



The opening (October) number of volimie 

 10 of the Bulletin of the Society contains the 

 following papers : ' Poincare's Eeview of Hil- 

 bert's Foundations of Geometry,' translated 

 by E. V. Huntington; ' On linear differential 

 congruences,' by S. Epsteen; 'Fields whose 

 elements are linear differential expressions,' 

 by L. E. Dickson; 'On directrix curves of 

 quintic scrolls,' by 0. H. Sisam; ' Josiah 

 Willard Gibbs, Ph.D., LL.D., a short sketch 



and appreciation of his work in pure mathe- 

 matics,' by P. F. Smith; Notes; New Pub- 

 lications. 



The November number of the Bulletin con- 

 tains : ' Report of the tenth svunmer meeting 

 of the American Mathematical Society,' by 

 F. N. Cole ; ' Report of the committee of the 

 American Mathematical Society on defini- 

 tions of college entrance requirements ' ; ' On 

 the congruence a; ,,^)=1, mod. PV by J. West- 

 lund; Eeview of Maeh's Mechanics, by E. 

 B. Wilson; Review of Forsyth's Differential 

 Equations, by E. J. Wilczynski ; Notes ; New 

 Publications. 



The Journal of the Franhlin Institute 

 prints, in its October number, the paper of Mr. 

 Thomas M. Gardner, instructor in Sibley Col- 

 lege, on ' The Graphics of Carbon-Disulphide, 

 with Formulas and Vapor-Table.' 



It is a practically important contribution to 

 the literature of the subject, as it provides the 

 essential entropy-values of a substance which 

 is thought by some authorities to be likely to 

 have importance as the working fluid of a 

 secondary heat-motor, as in the ' waste-heat 

 engines.' 



A plate is given exhibiting the properties 

 of the substance having importance in the 

 thermodynamic operations; and another giv- 

 ing the temperature-entropy diagram with 

 MacFarlane Gray's constant-volume lines. 

 Several other plates present the constant-area 

 lines, pv = C, the constant-quality lines, 

 X = G, the constant-entropy lines, 9 = C; and 

 the general temperature-entropy diagram, 

 after Boulvin, completes the series. 



A new and extensive table of the properties 

 of the saturated vapor, in the form of the 

 standard steam-tables, provides data hitherto 

 uncomputed and in forms suitable to the 

 thermodynamic discussion of heat-engines em- 

 ploying this substance. The values of n, 

 also, in pv"- = C are determined and the curve 

 is given for adiabatie expansion of qualities 

 ranging from x = 0.10 to a; = 1. 



It is shown that, with hyperbolic expansion, 

 the ' quality ' o£ wet fluid improves, the pro- 

 portion of moisture decreasing; with super- 

 heated vapor, this expansion becomes isother- 



