October 30, 1903.] 



SCIENCE. 



559 



mal, as with all gases, and all heat supplied is 

 utilized as external work. The constant- 

 quality curves have the equation pi;'°^*'=C 

 With adiabatic expansion, the quality im- 

 proves with all mixture in which x < 0.6 and 

 the fluid progressively condenses for mixtures 

 of initially a; = 0.7 and above. The value of 

 n is found to be 



•=(?)^ 



= C; 



the logarithmic curve is given, graphically 

 illustrating the law of variation of n. 



The specific volume of CS. is 2.6258 times 

 that of air. Its boiling point is, according 

 to Thorpe and Freidburg, 115.88 F. and its 

 critical temperature is 504.5° F., at a pressure 

 of about Go atmospheres. 



The paper is one of special value and is the 

 outcome, in part, of work for the Ph.D. at 

 ComeU. R. H. T. 



SOCIETIES AXD ACADEMIES. 

 NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. SECTION OF 

 BIOLOGY. 



The first meeting of the academic year was 

 held at the American Museum of Natural 

 History on October 12, Professor Wilson act- 

 ing as temporary chairman. As in former 

 years, this first meeting after the long vaca- 

 tion was devoted to reports on scientific work 

 carried on by members of the section during 

 the summer. The following notes indicate the 

 lines of the work of the members who reported. 



Professor Bristol, in association with Pro- 

 fessor Mark, of Harvard, directed the summer 

 work at the Bermuda Biological Station. Dr. 

 Hay was very successful in collecting in Wy- 

 oming materials for his studies of fossil tur- 

 tles. Professor Osborn directed explorations 

 in Wyoming, Nebraska and South Dakota in 

 the interest of the American Museum of Nat- 

 ural History, securing much valuable material 

 which supplements collections previously made. 

 Professor Grabau collected in Michigan ma- 

 terials for continuation of his studies on De- 

 vonian faunas. Dr. Summer directed the 

 Biological Laboratory of the United States 

 Fish Commission at Woods Hole, Mass. Pro- 



fessor Calkins studied the relation of Protozoa 

 to cancer and smallpox. Professor Cramp- 

 ton continued the accumulation of data re- 

 lating to selection in Lepidoptera. Mr. Bige- 

 low studied the early embryology of some 

 crustaceans. Mr. Yatsu experimented on reg- 

 ulation and organization of nemertean eggs. 

 Professor Wilson at Naples studied problems 

 of localization and mosaic development of 

 molluscan eggs. M. A. Bigelow, 



Secretary. 



SECTION OF ASTRONOMY, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY. 



At the meeting of the section on October 5, 

 Professor Harold Jacoby and Dr. S. Alfred 

 Mitchell exliibited a combined prismatic transit 

 and zenith telescope. This instrument, just 

 received by the Department of Astronomy of 

 Columbia University, was made by Bamberg 

 of Berlin. It includes all the latest observa- 

 tional devices, including an eye-piece of the 

 Repsold pattern for the automatic registration 

 of transit observations. 



Dr. George F. Kunz and Dr. Charles Bask- 

 erville gave an exliibition of radium of 300,- 

 000 activity, with some notes on the action of 

 the Roentgen ray, ultra-violet light and ra- 

 dium on mineralogical substances. This pa- 

 per will be published elsewhere in Science. 

 S. A. Mitchell, 

 Secretary of Section. 



DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE. 



THE international CONGRESS OF ARTS AND 



science. 



To THE Editor of Science: I returned only 

 a few days ago from Europe and, therefore, 

 have not seen until now the letter of Professor 

 Dev.-ey in Science of August 28 and that of 

 Professor Woodward in Science of September 

 4, both of which deal with the International 

 Congress of Arts and Science and especially 

 with my essay on that congress, published in 

 the May number of the Atlantic Monthly. 



Professor Woodward's document gives me 

 hardly a chance for a reply, since I can not 

 see that it contains an argument. It is only 

 a general expression of his contempt, on prin- 

 ciple, for every efiFort to classify sciences from 



