28 THE EEPTILES OF EGYPT. 
CHELONIA. 
TESTUDINIDiE. 
TESTUDO. 
Testudo,part., Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 1766, p. 350. 
Tbstudo leithii, Giinther. (Plate II.) 
Testudo grteca, Lichtenstein {nee Linn.), Verz. Doubl. Mus. Ber. 1823, p. 91; Riippell, Neue 
Wirbelth. 1835-40, Amph. p. 4; Peters, Monat. Berl. Ak. 1880, p. 305. 
Testudo marginata, part., Dum. & Bibr. ii. 1835, p. 37 ; part., A. Dum. Cat., Rept. 1851, p. 3. 
Testudo leithii, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 502, figs. ; Boulenger, Cat. Cbel. B. M. 1889, 
p. 175 ; Anderson, Herpet. of Arabia & Egypt, 1896, p. 95. 
Testudo kleinmanni, Lortet, Arch. Mus. Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 188, et iv. 1887, p. 11, pi. v. ; Tristram, 
West. Palestine, Rept. & Batr. 1884, p. 156. 
Testudo campanulata, D'Aubusson, Bull. Inst. Elgypte, fasc. vi. 5th May, 1893. 
1 6 and 1 ? , neighbourhood of Alexandria ; 1 <$ and 1 2 , Maryut District. 
The depth more than half the length of the shell ; carapace broadly notched in 
front, expanded behind the second costal ; marginals forming a more or less serrated 
border, with the undivided supracaudal projecting beyond them. The nuchal shield 
narrow, elongate, and triangularly unguiculate ; first vertebral more or less rounded 
anteriorly, slightly broader than long ; second nearly as long as broad ; third 
quadrangular, about one-fourth broader than long ; fourth hexagonal, broad anteriorly, 
its posterior equalling a little more than one half its anterior breadth ; fifth hexagonal, 
much broader posteriorly than anteriorly, but not broader than the third vertebral. 
The gular about two-thirds the length of the humeral suture ; pectoral slightly shorter 
than the humeral suture ; abdominal more than twice as long as the humeral suture, 
and as long as the conjoint femoral and anal sutures ; the anal four times as long 
as the femoral suture. Head of moderate size ; an azygos supranasal succeeded by 
two large frontonasals ; a single prefrontal followed by a rather small frontal, broad 
anteriorly but narrow posteriorly, embraced laterally by a very large shield, covering 
the rest of the upper surface of the head. A number of supraorbital scales, and 
a large temporal plate. Anterior surface of the fore limb covered with a few very 
large imbricate scutes in three longitudinal and five transverse series, the scale 
at the elbow-joint projecting in a strong point. No enlarged femoral tubercle. 
Colour yellowish or pale greenish yellow ; the plates of the carapace more or less 
margined with brown or blackish, restricted in the vertebrals chiefly to their anterior 
and lateral margins, and in the costals to their anterior and external-lateral margins. 
The plastron yellow, with a dark-brown spot about the middle of the anterior border 
of the abdominal, and, occasionally, a much smaller similarly coloured spot on the outer 
