54 THE REPTILES OF EGYPT. 
GYMNODACTYLUS. 
Gymnodactylus, Spix, Spec. nov. Lacert. Bras. 1825, p. 17. 
Digits slender, not dilated, covered below with more or less developed transverse 
plates ; proximal portion of the digits cylindrical or slightly depressed, the distal 
section composed of two or three compressed phalanges set at an angle to the proximal 
portion ; each digit with a claw bearing an enlarged scale above and another under its 
base. Scales on the upper suface of the body variable, either granules or scales, with 
or without enlarged tubercles ; ventrals granular or scaly. Tail generally cylindrical, 
and, exceptionally, short and broad. Pupil vertical. Praeanal pores present or absent 
in the male. 
Gymnodactylus scaber, Heyden. (Plate V. fig. 1.) 
Stenodactylus scaber, Heyden, Riippell, Atlas nordl. Afr., Rept. 1827, p. 15, pi. iv. fig. 2. 
Gymnodactylus scaber, part., D. & B. iii. 1836, p. 421; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ak. 1862, p. 271 ; 
Gasco, Viaggio in Egitto, pt. ii. 1876, p. 113; Klunzlnger, Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. Berl. xiii. 
1878, p. 94 ; Murray, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 102 ; Blgr. Cat. Liz. B. M. i. 
1885, p. 27 ; Fauna of Brit. India, Rept. & Batr. 1890, p. 62 ; Strauch, Mem. Ac. St. Petersb. 
(vii. ser.) xxxv.no. 2, 1887, p. 47; Boettger, Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 62; Kat. Rept. Mus. 
Senck. 1893, p. 22; Werner, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xlv. 1895, p. 13; Anderson, Herpet. 
Arabia & Egypt, 1896, p. 112. 
Gonyodactylus (Cryptopodion) scaber, Fitz. Syst. Rept. 1843, p. 93. 
Gymnodactylus geckoides (non Spix), Schreib. Herp. Eur. 1875, p. 482; Blanford, Zool. Persia, 
1876, p. 348; part., Steindacbner, Novara Reptiles, 1876, p. 17. 
Head of moderate size ; forehead slightly concave ; eye large ; ear small, narrow, 
vertical in position ; nostril formed by the rostral, first labial, and three nasals. Body 
of moderate length, not depressed ; limbs well developed, the fore limb reaching to the 
tip of the snout, and the hind limb to near the ear. Rostral with a median groove 
above ; generally ten upper, and eight or nine lower labials ; mental triangular, with 
two pairs of chin-shields behind it, the inner pair forming a suture behind the mental. 
The snout covered with rather large, more or less polygonal, convex granules, and the 
back of the head with granules and intermixed rounded tubercles. Scales of the upper 
surface of the body small, irregular, and flat, with numerous, closely intermixed, large, 
strongly-keeled, trihedral tubercles, each much larger than the surrounding areas 
occupied by the small scales, and arranged in 12 to 14 more or less longitudinal lines. 
Scales on the under surface of the body in about 20 longitudinal rows across the middle 
of the belly, large, smooth, and more or less cycloid in form. Tail longer than the 
body and head, somewhat depressed at the base, cylindrical beyond this, and tapered 
