260 THE EEPTILES OE EGYPT. 
Zamenis ravergieei, Menetr. 
Coluber ravergieri, Menetr. Cat. Rais. 1832, p. 69. 
Coluber maculatus (non Merr.), Dwigubsky, Nat. Hist. Russ., Amph. 1832, p. 26. 
Zamenis caudalineatus, part., Giinther, Cat. Snakes B. M. 1858, p. 104; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, 
p. 489; Jan, Icou. Gen. livr. 23, 1867, pi. iii.; Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 393. 
Periops caudolineatus , Jan, Filippi's Viagg. in Persia, 1865, p. 355. 
Zamenis ravergieri, Strauch, Mem. Ac. St. Petersb. (vii.) xxi. no. 4, 1873, p. 128 ; Blanford, East. 
Persia, Zool. ii. 1876, p. 417; Second Yarkand Exped. 1878, p. 22; Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, 
p. 680 ; Blgr. Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. v. 1889, p. 102 ; Cat. Snakes B. M. i. 1893, 
p. 405; id. op. cit. iii. 1896, p. 625; Sclater, Snakes Ind. Mus. 1891, p. 29; Mehely, Zool. 
Anz. 1894, p. 85 ; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torino, ix. 1894, no. 167, p. 11. 
Zamenis fedtschenkoi, Straucb, Mem. Ac. St. Petersb. (vii.) xxi. 1873, no. 4, p. 135, pi. iv. 
Zamenis ravergieri, var. fedtschenkoi, Boettger, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. iii. 1888, p. 927. 
Zamenis glasounowi, Nikolski, Annuaire Ac. St. Petersb. 1896, App. p. xiv. 
Body moderately long ; head broader in some than in others, occasionally depressed ; 
snout broad, obtusely rounded ; rostral considerably broader than high, the portion 
visible above nearly equal to one-third of the interval between the rostral and frontal ; 
internasals quadrangular, nearly as large as the prefrontals, broadly in contact with the 
rostral ; frontal as long as or, longer than the interval between its anterior border and 
the tip of the snout, its anterior breadth equal to about two-thirds of its length and 
much broader than the supraocular; parietals equal to the frontal and one-third of 
the prefrontals, slightly truncate posteriorly, generally with a few enlarged scales 
external to them ; loreal nearly quadrangular, not unfrequently with one or more 
separated off portions of the labials below it ; two prseoculars, the upper broadly in 
contact with the frontal, less so than in the variety nummifer ; one subocular, rarely 
two ; two postoculars (typical) and three postoculars (variety) ; temporals scale-like 
(typical), larger (variety) ; 9 upper labials, exceptionally 8 or 10, fifth and sixth 
entering orbit (typical) and fifth labial in variety, rarely 6 and 7 in the case of 10 labials. 
Anterior chin-shields in contact with five labials; posterior pair narrow and separated 
by scales. 21, rarely 23, rows of feebly keeled scales across the body (typical) and 23 
to 25 in the variety. Ventrals more or less angulate, 190-222 ; anal divided (typical 
form), occasionally single in variety ; subcaudals 75-101. 
General colour greyish or yellowish, with transverse narrow brownish bands (typical 
form) or rhomboidal spots (variety) alternating with similarly coloured spots on the 
sides ; the tail usually banded longitudinally, but occasionally with spots ; under 
surface whitish or profusely black-spotted ; head generally with a dusky streak below 
the eye and another from the eye to the angle of the mouth, sometimes almost wholly 
black. 
