Il6 TRANSACTIONS OF THE WAGNER FREE 



pillar with a rather thick callus, but not grooved. Lon. (about) 60 ; lat. 35 

 mm. (Upper bed at Alum Bluff.) 



I have not seen the transition to Jilosnin observed by Prof. Heilprin, and, 

 except for his remarks, should have regarded that form from Conrad's figures 

 and description as bearing to F. contrarmm such a relation as F. eliceans bears 

 to F. perversum. 



Fulgur perversum Linn^. 

 Murex perversus\Jm\\€, Syst. Nat., p. 1222, 1766. 

 Pyrula perversa Lamarck, An. s. Vert. vii. p. 137, 1822. 

 Fulgiir contrarius Conrad, Am. Journ. Sci. 2d ser. xxxix. p. 3S7, 1840; Foss. Tert. Form. 



U. S., p. 82, pi. 45, fig. II, 1845. 

 Pyrula Kieneri Philippi, Zeitschr. Mai. 1848, p. 98 ; Petit, Journ. de Conchyl. 1852, p. 145 ; 



Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch, iii. p. 184. 

 Busycon gibbosuin Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, p. 286. 

 Busycoti perversum Tuomey & Holmes, Pleioc. Foss. S. Car., p. 145, pi. 29, fig. 3, 1856 ; 



Emmons, N. Car. Geol. Rep., p. 249, fig. 107, 1858; Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch, iii. p. 



1S4, 1867. 

 Busycon adversarium Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, pp. 560, 584 ; Am. Journ. 



Conch, iii. pp. 184, 185, 1867. 

 Fulgur perversus Gill, Am. Journ. Conch, iii. p. 146, 1867. 

 Fulgur contrarius Gill, op. cit. p. 146 ; Heilprin, Trans. Wagn. Inst. i. p. 72, 1887 ; Leidy, 



ibid. ii. pp. 51-53, pi. ix., x., 1889. 

 Busycon (Sycopsis) contrarium Conrad, Am. Journ. Conch, iii. pp. 184, 266, pi. 23, fig. 



I, 1867. 



Miocene of North and South Carolina; Pliocene of South Carolina and 

 of the Caloosahatchie beds, S. W. Florida ; Post- Pliocene, North Carolina, 

 South Carolina and Florida (Myakka River). Recent in the present fauna 

 from Hatteras to the Gulf of Mexico. It was wrongly catalogued by Conrad 

 under the Oligocene (A. J. C iii. p. 184, 1867), probably by a typographical 

 error. 



Fulgur perversum extends from the Miocene of North Carolina through, 

 the Pliocene, as in South Carolina and Florida ; the Post-Pliocene, North 

 Carolina to Florida ; and the existing fauna. The variety with whorls not 

 spinose or tuberculated, especially the males, is F. contrarmm Conrad, the 

 fossil spinose form exactly like the recent shell in F. adversarium Conrad. 

 Both forms are found recent, but among the fossils the smooth form, and 

 among living shells the spiny form, are respectively most prevalent. I have 

 examined authentic types of all three. The imperceptible stages by which 

 one passes into another are well illustrated by the paper of Dr. Leidy and 

 Mr. Willcox above cited. There is another variety, with an almost flat spire, 

 found both recent and fossil. The varieties without spines are apt to have the 

 spire a little more scalar than the spiny ones, but this is not invariable and, 

 as with the other species referred to, the combinations are multitudinous. 



