144 TRANSACTIONS OF THE WAGNER FREE 



Genus BUPLBURA Adams. 

 Bupleura caudata Say. 

 Ranella catidata Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. iL p. 236, 1822 ; Am. Conch, v. pi. 48, 

 1832, Binney's ed., p. 200 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon., Triton, pi. xv. fig. 57 ; ibid. Ranella, 

 expl. pi. vii. 1844. 

 Eupleura caudalaStm., Am. Journ. Conch, i. p. 58, pi. 8, fig. 5, 1865; Dall, Blake Gastr., p. 

 202, 1889 ; Bull. 37, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 120, pi. 50, fig. ir, 1889. 



Fossil in the Miocene (?) of North Carolina ; the Pliocene of South Caro- 

 lina and Florida ; and the Post-Pliocene of most of the Atlantic coast. Liv- 

 ing on the Atlantic coast from Cape Cod to the Florida Keys. 



This species has been much confused, and the group to which it belongs, 

 though containing but few species, presents as pretty a series of modifications 

 in space and time as any evolutionist could wish to see. Exclusive of E. pecti- 

 nata, of which I have only seen figures, and Ranella pjdchra Gray, which be- 

 longs elsewhere, I recognize among the recent forms one well-established 

 species on the Atlantic coast, with a subspecies or geographical race on the 

 Gulf coast and some of the northern Antilles. On the Pacific coast we have 

 two species, one of which is constant and well marked (the E. nitida Broderip), 

 the other very variable and possessing a number of varieties which may be 

 geographical or simply mutations, we are not yet in a position to decide 

 which. E. muricifonnis Broderip, which is the oldest name for the latter, has 

 been referred to an unfigured " Ranella clathrata " of Gray, from the Atlantic, 

 which is not only a more modern name than Broderip's, but the characters 

 given for it are not compatible with the Pacific shell. 



Although Say's name was published in 1822, it has been referred to this 

 alleged E. clathrata Gray (1839) as a synonym ! 



The Atlantic form, the typical caudata, is found on the Atlantic coast from 

 Cape Cod to the Florida Keys, and it is recognizable when adult by its smaller 

 size, more cancellated sculpture, and by having five transverse riblets on the 

 back of the last whorl between the two varices, and three in front. This is 

 the form figured by Say, and which must retain the specific name. It is also 

 fossil in the Post-Pliocene, if not also in the Pliocene, of the greater part of the 

 Atlantic coast. 



Eupleura caudata var. sulcidentata Dall. 



Ranella clathrata "Gray" Calkins, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci. 1878, p. 234. (Young speci- 

 mens.) 

 Eupleura muriciformis Tryon, Man. 11, p. 158, ex parte, not of Broderip. 

 Ratiella caudata Say, var. Arango, Faun. Cub. p. 214. 



Gulf coast of Florida, shores of Cuba (Gundlach), living. Fossil in the 

 Post-Pliocene of S. W. Florida. 



The form figured in the Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina by Tuomey and 

 Holmes is the typical caudata, as is that of the South Carolinian Post Plio- 

 cene. Calkins' specimens were young and looked much like the young of 



