INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, PHILADELPHIA. 249 



fully searched the references of Leach (Mollusca of Great Britain) and in this 

 way have arrived at the following facts : 



In 1813 Fleming referred the following species to his genus Odostoviia : 

 Balca peri>ersa {p. ^6), Clausilia laviinata (p. 76), Clausilia biplicata (p. 77), 

 Claiisilia nivosa (0. nigricans, p. 76), Pupa secale [0 jiiniperi, p. 76), Pupa 

 7imbilicata {0. inuscorum, p. 76) and Carychium minimmn ((9. carychium, p. 76). 



In the same article the marine forms of late known as Odostomia, 0. 

 unidentata Mont., 0. plicata Mont., 0. decussata Walker, 0. pallida Mont., 

 0. nivosa Mont, and 0. tnincattda Jeffreys (as Turbo subtruncatus Fleming, p. 

 76), are all {op. cit., pp. 72-76) referred to the genus Tjirbo Linne, together 

 with species of Rissoa, Phasianella, Aclis, Etdima, Lacuna and Turbonilla, as 

 was then customary. 



It is obvious, therefore, that originally Odostomia was proposed for small 

 land shells with toothed apertures, and in this sense it was adopted by Say 

 (iSTicholson's Encyclopedia, Am. edition, 1817), who referred to it what we 

 now call Pupa corticaria, and by Bowdich (Elements of Conch, i. p. 30, 1822), 

 who referred two elongated species of Pupa to Odostomia and classified it as 

 a land shell. 



According to Gray, who printed Leach's British Mollusca in 1857, the 

 first 1 16 pages of that work were in type at the time of the author's death in 

 1820. His dedication of Part I. of the work to Savigny is dated 18 15. 

 At that time it does not appear that any marine species were included in the 

 genus Odostomia by Fleming, so far as Leach's synonymic references aid us. 

 In the edition which was completed in 1830, however (but of which vol. vii. 

 long preceded that date), Jeffreys states (Brit. Conch, iv. p. 109) that the 

 marine species are included. 



It is probable that after Fleming had added the dentate marine forms to 

 his dentate land species, he became aware that the latter belonged to genera 

 established by Draparnaud and others before the publication of his own name 

 Odostomia, and after referring them to their proper genera he continued to 

 use the name for the marine residuum. In 1822 (Phil. Zool.) he refers to the 

 Odostomias as "marine Turboiiidce," and in his British Animals (1828) 

 and the reprinted supplement to the Encyclopedia Britannica (1837) only 

 marine species, belonging to the genus as lately understood, are included. 



But the faulty construction of the name had given rise to much criticism, 

 and in 1829, Dr. Turton proposed (En. of Shells Found on the Devonshire 

 Coast) to modify it to Odontostoma* However, this was merely correcting a 

 name which was in itself essentially a synonym, and hence unavailable for 

 use at all. In 1839 (Mar. Moll. Argyleshire, Mai. and Conch. Mag. No. 2, p. 

 30), Jeffreys proposes the genus Odontostomia for Turbo plicat7is Mon- 

 tagu. As Cossmann has pointed out, this is by derivation a distinct word 



* The writer has not been able to learn anything of this paper except Jeffreys' citation. It is not in his 

 bibliography or under Turton in the Koyal Soc. Cat. 



