INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, PHILADELPHIA. 32I 



the Carolinas, Holmes and Burns ; living on the coast of the United States 

 from Rhode Island to Florida and Texas, and in the Antilles to Jamaica. 



I have carefully compared the specimens of the recent and fossil forms, 

 and find them quite identical, unless it is that the fossil is slightly more slen- 

 der and not quite so large as the majority of the recent specimens. The dif- 

 ference is not greater than many of the recent specimens show among them- 

 selves. If, however, it be felt necessary to discriminate them by name, that 

 of Conrad may be used in a varietal sense. He has figured (Geol. Rep. N. 

 Car. App., p. 23, pi. 4, figs. lo, ii, 1875) an adult and a partly-grown shell 

 of the fossil as 6". carolinensis and variety. The alternation in size of the spir- 

 al lines, which is the character he seems to rely on to separate the recent 

 from the fossil shell, is not a constant character, individuals with either kind 

 of striation being found among the recent specimens. 



Of other Tertiary American species it may be noted that L. a?itiquata 

 Conrad is a Tuba ; L. Pedroana Conrad, from the Pacific Coast Pliocene, is 

 Lacuna solidtda'Lov&n ; Litorina patida Gou\d, horn the California Pliocene, 

 is L. planaxis Philippi, also found living ; L. Riniondi Gabb, from the Pliocene 

 of Kirker's Pass, California, seems to belong to the same group as L. irrorata; 

 L. palliata Say is reported from the Post-Pliocene of Labrador, and L. rudis 

 Donovan also occurs in similar beds southward. 



Family FOSSARID^. 

 Genus FOSSARUS (Adanson) Philippi. 



i^owar Adanson, Hist. Coq. Sen., pi. 13, 1757 ; Philippi. Moll. Sicil. i. p. 167, 1S36. 



Fossarus Philippi, Archiv fiir Naturg. 1S41, i. p. 42. 



Maravignia, Aradas and Maggiore, Atti del Acad. Gioenia de Catania, Ser. i., vol. xvii., for 



1840 (extras p. 42), 1S41. 

 Carinorbis Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1862, p. 2S8, 1S63. 

 Delplnmila sp. Lea, Conrad, Emmons, etc. 



The genus Fossarus was indicated by Philippi with a reference to Adan- 

 son's name in 1836, but the name was not regularly proposed in Latin form 

 until March, 1841. Thegenus Maravignia, according to Aradas,* was founded 

 on a monstrous or deformed specimen of Fossarus Adansonii of which the 

 anomalous character was not recognized, but which gave to the shell charac- 

 ters which made it impossible to refer it to any known genus. Its real rela- 

 tions remained unknown for forty years, and when recognized, Aradas with 

 great propriety declined to claim for it any rights as opposed to the univer- 

 sally accepted name of Philippi. Some authors who seem to enjoy disturbing 

 any well-settled name have lately endeavored to make the substitution, 

 though the question of priority is by no means established in favor of Mara- 

 vignia ; the notorious antedating of the title-pages of these publications 

 lending little probability to the claim that the volume for 1840, published in 



* Atti Acad. Gioenia, 3d Ser. vi. p. 181, 1871. 



