of New-York and New-JSersey, §e: 18% 
by a lofty ridge—the land elsewhere adjacent to the lake, 
rises gradually, is of a good soil and well cultivated ; seve- 
ral neat stone farm-houses are pleasantly situated on the 
banks of this extensive sheet of water. The lake is well 
stored with pike, yellow-bass, perch, sunfish, and suckers, but 
there are few eels, and no catfish are Gund No stream of 
magnitude is seen to enter the lake, but it is the source of one 
of the most considerable branches of the Hackensack. Fed 
from below by mountain springs, it retains a greater uni- 
formity of temperature and altitude than is observed in 
ponds formed by the expansion of a river in a valley; it 
seldom rises two feet in height, and remains unfrozen after 
the North-River is closed ; this must be attributed to its 
great depth and the warmth of its auxilary streams. Con- 
densed by cold, the fluid on the lake’s surface descends: 
and its place is supplied by warmer water from below; an 
interchange continues as is well known from the experi- 
ments of Count Rumford and others, until the mass is re- 
duced within eight degrees of freezing point, when being 
no longer condensible ‘by cold it na ee stationary and the 
surface is frozen. Ice being an indifferent conductor of 
heat the fluid below continues much warmer than the air. 
The waters of the lake are soft and pure and as they repose 
on a sandy bottom, no water-weeds or swamps are seen on 
its borders except at the river’s outlet. The adjacent in- 
habitants are not subject to the fevers and early fogs of au- 
tumn ; the waters of the lake remaining colder than the 
alr, morning exhalations do not arise to be condensed. Veg- 
etation bordering on the lake is seldom ijured by pre- 
mature frosts ; being protected probably by the then warmer 
air of the water. ‘The height of that part of the Kedidica 
Hook range situated between the lake and the river, is 640 
feet above tide water, as calculated by Capt. Partridge. To 
Joseph Dederer Esq. a well informed resident of the nor- 
thern bank of the lake, at whose pleasant and hospitable 
mansion I have passed many days, I am indebted for much 
local information. 
The elevation of Kedidica Hock is well calculated for 
geological and geographical‘survey, uniting extension with 
distinctness of view. ‘The wood-clad Highland chain is ob- 
served ranging the horizon for fifty miles ; its course is from 
northeast to southwest ; the Newark and Pracknes moun- 
