194 Account of the Geology, Mineralogy, Scenery, &c. 
harbour of New-York, a part of Long-Island and Staten- 
Island and a distant view of the ocean. 
The valley situated between the Newark mountain and 
the Bergen greenstone ridge is partly secondary, the rest 
alluvial. In the secondary division, sandstone in nearly hor- 
rizontal position, or waving with the surface is found al- 
most every where on penetrating the earth—and fine red 
and gray freestone alternates with shale at the sandstone 
quarries of the Passaic and Second river. Bituminous 
coal in thin layers has been noticed, associated with argilla- 
ceous shale in many freestone quarries adjacent to the Pas 
saic; at the termination of the Newark mountain, at Spring- 
field and at many parts of the trap ranges, smoke, and in 
some instances flame issuing from the crevices of the rocks 
has been noticed by the adjacent inhabitants—as no pyrites 
has been observed, these phenomena probably proceed 
from carburetted hydrogen gas, indicating coal below,— 
that mineral being often found under secondary trap and 
sandstone. Animal and vegetable organic remains have 
been observed imbedded in the freestone of New-Jersey— 
near Belville a tooth near two inches in length was recent- 
ly found on the freestone fifteen feet below the surface.— 
Copper is observed in many partsofihe New-Jersey secon- 
dary region ; a vein of ore affording eight per cent of copper 
has been recently discovered near the Passaic three miles 
north of Bellville; the vein is now lost.—A rich mine was 
formerly worked on the property of Col. Schuyler a mile 
east of Belville, but the draining of the shafts becoming too 
expensive, the works were relinquished. ‘The matrix of 
the ore is gray and red sandstone, often accompanied by an 
argillaceousand ealcareous breccia ; the sulphuret, azure and 
ereen carbonate of copper and red oxide of copper are here 
found, but no pyritous copper. I have procured at this 
place good specimens of the fibrous malachite ; the crys- 
taline fibres are collected in groups diverging from a point— 
the colour is emerald green with silky lustre—tufts are seen 
composed of short fibres resembling green velvet. Carbonate 
of Lime in the crystaline form of dog-tooth spar, and fil- 
ling veins is often here observed. This place is reported 
as a locality for oxide of titanium, but the only specimen 
found here was in a small solid mass of quartz. © Not far 
from Aqnackinock there is a copious mineral spring > its 
