SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Editorial Committee : S. Nkwoomb, Mathematics ; E. S. Woodward, Mechanics ; E. C. Pickkeing, 

 Astronomy ; T. C Mendenhall, Physios ; E- H. Thurston, Engineering ; Iea Eemsbn, Chemistry ; 

 Charles D. Walcott, Geology ; "W. M. Davis, Physiography ; Henry F. Osborn, Paleon- 

 tology ; W. K. Brooks, C. Hart Merriam, Zoology ; S. H. Soudder, Entomology ; C. E. 

 Bessey, N. L. Britton, Botany ; C. S. Minot, Embryology, Histology ; H. P. Bow- 

 ditch, Physiology ; J. S. Billings, Hygiene ; William H. Welch, 

 Pathology ; J. McKeen Cattell, Psychology. 



Feidat, January 2, 1903. 



CONTENTS: 



The American Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science: — 

 The Science of Astronomy: Peofessob 



Asaph Hall 1 



Popular Science: Peofessob W. S. Ysans.- 



UN 8 



Incomplete Observations: Peofessob H. A. 

 Webeb 15 



Scientific Books : — 



Leverett on Olaoial Formations and Drain- 

 age Features of the Erie and Ohio Basins: 

 Waeben Upham 22 



Scientific Journals and Articles 24 



Societies and Academies: — 



The Philosophical Society of Washington: 

 Charles K. Weed. The Geological So- 

 ciety of Washington: Alfbed H. Bbooks. 

 The Torrey Botanical Clui: Peofessob 

 Edward S. Burgess. North Carolina Sec- 

 tion of the American Chemical Society: 

 C. B. Williams 24 



Discussion and Correspondence : — 



President Schurman on the Educational 

 Requirements for Professional Study: Peo- 

 fessob AxoNzo Englebert Tayloe. The 

 ' Squid from Onondaga Lake, N. Y.' : Db. A. 

 E. Obtmann. Kallima Butterflies : Nat. Sci. 29 



Shorter Articles: — 

 Data on the Cause of Lightning: Peofessob 

 C. Babus. The Hosts of Argulids and their 

 Nomenclature: De. Theo. Gill. The 

 Great Need in American Zoology: Dr. 

 Thos. H. Montgomeey, Je 32 



The Bishop Collection of Jade and Hard-stone 

 Objects 35 



Scientific Notes and News 36 



University and Educational News 40 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intended 

 for review should be sent to the responsible editor, Pro- 

 fessor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison-ou-Hudson, N. Y. 



THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE 



ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



THE SCIENCE OF ASTRONOMY* 



I TAKE for. the subject of my address 

 the science of astronomy, and propose to 

 give a brief historical sketch of it, to 

 consider its future development, and to 

 speak of the influence of the sciences on 

 civilization. 



The science of astronomy is so closely 

 connected with the affairs of life, and is 

 brought into use so continuously and in 

 such a systematic manner, that most people 

 never think of the long labor that has 

 been necessary to bring this science to its 

 present condition. In the early times it 

 was useful to the legislator and the priest, 

 for keeping records, the times of public 

 ceremonies and of religious festivals. It 

 slowly grew into the form of a science, and 

 became able to make predictions with some 

 certainty. This was many centuries ago. 

 Hipparchus, who lived 150 B.C., knew the 

 periods of the six ancient planets with 

 considerable accuracy. His periods are: 



_ . , Error X 100 



Period. — = — : \, . 



Period 



Mercury SV^.QeOS -f 0'" .0007 



Venus 224.7028 -\- 0.0009 



Earth 365.2599 + 0.0010 



Mars 686.9785 — 0.0002 



Jupiter 4332.3192 — 0.0061 



Saturn 10758.3222 — 0.0083 



* Address of the President of the American 

 Association for the Advancement of Science, 

 Washington meeting, December 29, 1902. 



