lU 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVII. No. 421. 



mann, but get in their stead: Libelt, J. B. 

 de Mirabaud, Opzoomer, Prevost, Ernst Kein- 

 hold, Eothe, Schilling, Schubert, H. C. W. 

 Sigwart, B. H. Smart, Upham, J. Weber, C. 

 .Weiss and C. Wright. We cannot expect 

 every one to be mentioned, it is true, but it 

 does seem to me that a biography of Jeremy 

 Taylor, for example, would not have been too 

 dearly bought even if its insertion had made 

 necessary the exclusion say of Upham and 

 Chauncey Wright. Under the rubric ' Phil- 

 ostratus ' our attention is called to four 

 Sophists by that name. The most important 

 Philostratus, however, the one who wrote the 

 life of Apollonius of Tyana, in the third 

 century a.d., is omitted. 



In addition to the subjects discussed in the 

 ' Dictionary ' the following, which are very 

 general in their scope, would not have been 

 out of place: Medieval education, a special 

 article on modern philosophy, modern phys- 

 ical theories, monarchianism, neo-humanism 

 in education, physical culture, primitive 

 Christianity, professional education, real- 

 gymnasium, realschule, right of sanctuary, 

 school-reform in Germany, secondary schools, 

 social virtues, specialism, sermonism, subor- 

 dinationism, tolerance, universities, Walden- 

 ses. The account of the Eenaissance is very 

 meager, but we are referred in it to ' Hu- 

 manism,' which is also incomplete and refers 

 us back to ' Eenaissance.' We are frequently 

 referred to a topic, ' Terminus,' but the topic 

 never turns up. The same statement applies 

 to ' Victorines.' Under ' Preexistence ' we 

 are told to look for ' Transmigration.' When 

 we turn to this subject we are sent to 

 ' Metempsychosis.' Still these are minor an- 

 noyances, and no dictionary would, it seems, 

 be complete without them. 



The statements on page 51 : " It (the form) 

 is the result of the development of matter. 

 He (Aristotle) looks upon the problem from 

 the point of view of the naturalist. In par- 

 ticular, the soul is an outgrowth of the body," 

 are, to say the least, misleading. On page 

 133 (' Nativity ') a false impression is given 

 of the dogma of Immaculate Conception. 

 The dogma of immaculate conception which 

 was defined in 1854 does not refer to Christ's 



miraculous birth at all, but to the immaculate 

 conception of Mary. That Christ was mi- 

 raculously conceived was accepted almost from 

 the very beginning, but Pius IX. was the 

 first to set the seal of the Church on the doc- 

 trine that Mary ' in the first moment of her 

 conception, by a special grace and privilege 

 of Almighty God, in virtue of the merits of 

 Christ, was preserved immaculate from all 

 stain of original sin.'* On page 421 the 

 following sentence occurs : ' Kant terms his 

 philosophy empirical realism, meaning that it 

 holds to an existence of things in space in- 

 dependent of our particular states of con- 

 sciousness, opposing it to transcendental real- 

 ism, which asserts that time and space are 

 something in themselves independent of our 

 sensibility.' This does not seem to me to 

 give Kant's meaning correctly. The Plutarch 

 mentioned on page 496 as having died 120 

 A.D. is not the Plutarch who belonged to 

 the Neo-Platonic school of Athens. The 

 celebrated Plutarch, author of the ' Lives,' 

 died in the neighborhood of 120. Plutarch 

 the younger, the philosopher referred to on 

 page 496, died 433. 



The references which are made to .other 

 books are not always definite and exact 

 enough. We are frequently referred to pas- 

 sages in Kant's works, for example, but we 

 are seldom told in which one of the many 

 editions the passages are to be found. Where 

 the references are to translations of works, 

 a statement should be made to that effect. 



The lack of uniformity in spelling, etc., to 

 which attention was formerly called, is not 

 so great in this volume as in the other. There 

 are, however, a few points which may be men- 

 tioned here. We find Localisation, Lokalisa- 

 tion, localisirt; Pharisaertum, Eigentum, 

 Minderwertigkeit, Tatsachen ; Socialisierung ; 

 Watts's ; Kritik, Critique, Critic ; Okham, 

 Occam; Abelard, Abelard; Leibnitz, Leibniz; 

 spacial, spatial. French titles are written 

 with and without capitals. 



In conclusion, I should like to call atten- 

 tion to the following mistakes: p. 28, for 

 Machina write Maschine; p. 85, for Atomen, 



* Translation from Schatf' s 

 tendom.' 



' Creeds of Chris- 



