22G 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XVII. No. 423. 



tion between the Windward Islands and 

 the mainlands. There is absolutely no 

 topographic or geologic proof that the vol- 

 canic Caribbees are of other than progres- 

 sive constructional origin, or that any 

 continent or semblance of a continent ever 

 prevailed on their present site. 



Mont Pelee — the Eruptions of August 24 

 and 30, 1902: Angelo Heilprin, Phila- 

 delphia, Pa. 



The paper described the author's experi- 

 ences during the great eruptions of these 

 dates, being actually high upon the eastern 

 slope of the volcano during the outburst 

 of August 30, when Morne Rouge was de- 

 stroyed. Morne Rouge was destroyed by 

 a volcanic blast from the crater similar to 

 that which devastated St. Pierre early in 

 May. ■ Lantern slides from the aiithor 's 

 negatives showed the inner cone overtop- 

 ping the rim of the ancient great crater. 



The Principal Causes of Death during the 

 Eruptions of Mont Pelee and La Sou- 

 frier e: Israel C. Russell, University of 

 Michigan. 



A review was presented of the evidences 

 bearing on the question mentioned in the 

 title, and arguments brought forward to 

 show that the chief agent of death was 

 highly heated, dust-laden steam. 



Secondary Volcanic Phenomena of the 

 West Indian Eruptions of 1902: George 

 Carroll Curtis, Boston, Mass. 

 Fresh evidences of geologic work, which 

 could not be credited to the main phe- 

 nomena pf eruption alone, were found by 

 those early upon the field after the West 

 Indian eruptions in 1902. Over the area 

 lay a large amount of volcanic ejecta upon 

 which erosion forces were rapidly working. 

 An excellent opportunity was thus afforded 

 for the study of stream development upon 

 an initial cover. Portions of the coastal 

 plain had subsided; other deposits had 

 undergone elevation; tidal waves had 

 swept the marginal slopes; and marine 



erosion was rapidly altering new deposits. 

 Flows of mud-like detritvis had filled val- 

 leys, extended their deltas seaward, en- 

 tombing villages and inhabitants. From 

 the valley floors minor eruptions were 

 taking place, giving rise to early reports 

 that lateral craters connected with the 

 main source of volcanic energy had played 

 important parts in the great eruptions. 

 Detailed study of these eruptions on the 

 actual ground indicates that they were 

 not from a primary volcanic source, but 

 that they formed a series of secondary 

 manifestations with origin, process of out- 

 burst and topography developed peculiar 

 to themselves. 



Some Erosion Phenomena on Mont Pelee 

 and Soufriere: Edmund Otis Hovey, 

 American Museum of Natural History. 

 The stripping of the volcanoes Pelee 

 and Soufriere of all vegetation by the 

 eruptions, and the deposit of fresh frag- 

 mental material over the whole, gave 

 excellent and unusual opportunity for ob- 

 servation of the development of new ero- 

 sion forms (particularly dendritic drain- 

 age) on old surfaces. 



The Inner Cone of the Mont Pelee Crater 

 and its Relation to the Destruction of 

 Morne Rouge: Edmund Otis Hovey, 

 American Museum of Natural History. 

 The growth of the inner cone of erup- 

 tion above the western opening beside 

 Etang Sec caused the partial closing of 

 the great gash in the side of Mont Pelee, 

 and finally lifted the main vent above the 

 rim of the great crater, to a point where 

 there ceased to be any hindrance to the 

 radial expansion of the explosions. 



Origin of the Sandhill Topography of the 

 Carolinas: Collier Cobb, University of 

 North Carolina. 



Many ' of the sandhills show the struc- 

 tural features of teolian cross-bedding seen 

 on Hatteras. Unlike most dune sands. 



